Gamma Radiation Imaging System via Variable and Time-Multiplexed Pinhole Arrays

Schwarz, Ariel; Shemer, Amir; Danan, Yossef; Bar‐Shalom, Rachel; Avraham, Hemy; Zlotnik, Alex; Zalevsky, Zeev

doi:10.3390/s20113013

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The sensitivity and resolution are inversely tied together. An increase in sensitivity will result in a larger, less desirable resolution [134]. Another challenge for these collimators is the acceptance angle is not adjustable for different regions of interest due to fixed pinhole shape and size.…”

Section: Novel Collimators For Spectmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art challenges and emerging technologies in radiation detection for nuclear medicine imaging: A review

Enlow

Abbaszadeh

2023

Front. Phys.

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Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are established medical imaging modalities that have been implemented for decades, but improvements in detector design and camera electronics are needed for advancement of both imaging technologies. Detectors are arguably the most important aspect of the systems. Similar to SPECT, PET typically relies on indirect conversion of gamma radiation via scintillators coupled with photosensors used to convert optical photons produced by the scintillator into an electrical signal. PET detectors are defined by their energy resolution, timing resolution, and spatial resolution, all of which affect and determine the image quality. Improvements in energy resolution have been shown by increasing the brightness of the scintillator utilizing materials like cerium bromide (CeBr3) or switching to a direct conversion detector, such as cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) or thallium bromide (TlBr). Timing resolution for PET is a focal point of the current research. Improving the timing resolution improves the signal-to-noise of the PET system and is integral to the implementation of time-of-flight PET. By utilizing novel configurations, such as side readouts on scintillators, timing resolution has been improved dramatically. Similarly, metascintillators, which use complex combinations for the scintillator material, have also shown improvements to the timing resolution. Additional research has focused on using Cherenkov light emission in scintillators to further improve the timing resolution. Other research is focused on using convolutional neural networks and other signal processing to enhance timing resolution. Lastly, aside from acollinearity and positron range, spatial resolution is impacted by the PET detector, therefore improving the intrinsic spatial resolution of the detector will allow for smaller features to be imaged. One method for improving the spatial resolution is to use unique configurations with layered scintillators. Additionally, monolithic scintillators have also been shown to have reduced spatial resolution. The future for both SPECT and PET image system advancement will depend on continued development of the detectors via many different pathways including materials, signal processing, physics, and novel configurations. In this review article, we will discuss challenges and emerging technologies for state-of-the-art radiation detectors utilized in PET and SPECT.

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Section: Novel Collimators For Spectmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art challenges and emerging technologies in radiation detection for nuclear medicine imaging: A review

Enlow

Abbaszadeh

2023

Front. Phys.

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“…Radiation detectors are suitable for use in environmental radiation detection and medical imaging due to their portability features coupled with high detection efficiencies and large field of view [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In recent years, portable gamma camera systems have attracted attention not only in radio-guided surgery [ 4 , 5 ], but also in radiation security to minimize radiation exposure and detect radiation sources [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Portable Gamma Radiation Sensor Based on a Monolithic Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate Ring

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Portable radiation detectors are widely used in environmental radiation detection and medical imaging due to their portability feature, high detection efficiency, and large field of view. Lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) is a widely used scintillator in gamma radiation detection. However, the structure and the arrangement of scintillators limit the sensitivity and detection accuracy of these radiation detectors. In this study, a novel portable sensor based on a monolithic LYSO ring was developed for the detection of environmental radiation through simulation, followed by construction and assessments. Monte Carlo simulations were utilized to prove the detection of gamma rays at 511 keV by the developed sensor. The simulations data, including energy resolutions, decoding errors, and sensitivity, showed good potential for the detection of gamma rays by the as-obtained sensor. The experimental results using the VA method revealed decoding errors in the energy window width of 50 keV less than 2°. The average error was estimated at 0.67°, a sufficient value for the detection of gamma radiation. In sum, the proposed radiation sensor appears promising for the construction of high-performance radiation detectors and systems.

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“…The above advantages usually have one major con: they reduce the image brightness due to the small diameter of the aperture as compared with the collection area of a lens and reduced resolution due to the finite size of the pinhole [ 1 ]. Recently, additional imaging techniques enable using a plurality of pinholes, allowing imaging with increased energy efficiency and proper image restoration using a selected set of pinhole arrays having a suitable arrangement [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The pinholes arrangement enables avoiding loss of data that may result from the superposition of radiation passing through the different pinholes of each array [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in Irradiation Dose in Aperture Coded Enhanced Computed Tomography Imager Using Super-Resolution Techniques

Danan¹,

Avraham²,

Zalevsky

2020

Sensors

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One of the main concerns regarding medical imaging is the danger tissue’s ionizing due to the applied radiation. Many medical procedures are based on this ionizing radiation (such as X-rays and Gamma radiation). This radiation allows the physician to perform diagnosis inside the human body. Still, the main concern is stochastic effects to the DNA, particularly the cause of cancer. The radiation dose endangers not only the patient but also the medical staff, who might be close to the patient and be exposed to this dangerous radiation in a daily manner. This paper presents a novel concept of radiation reduced Computed Tomography (CT) scans. The proposed concept includes two main methods: minification to enhance the energy concertation per pixel and subpixel resolution enhancement, using shifted images, to preserve resolution. The proposed process uses several pinhole masks as the base of the imaging modality. The proposed concept was validated numerically and experimentally and has demonstrated the capability of reducing the radiation efficiency by factor 4, being highly significant to the world of radiology and CT scans. This dose reduction allows a safer imaging process for the patient and the medical staff. This method simplifies the system and improves the obtained image quality. The proposed method can contribute additively to standard existing dose reduction or super-resolution techniques to achieve even better performance.

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Gamma Radiation Imaging System via Variable and Time-Multiplexed Pinhole Arrays

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

State-of-the-art challenges and emerging technologies in radiation detection for nuclear medicine imaging: A review

State-of-the-art challenges and emerging technologies in radiation detection for nuclear medicine imaging: A review

A Novel Portable Gamma Radiation Sensor Based on a Monolithic Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate Ring

Reduction in Irradiation Dose in Aperture Coded Enhanced Computed Tomography Imager Using Super-Resolution Techniques

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