Gamma-Ray Attenuation Coefficient Measurements

Measurements of linear attenuation coefficients of irregular shaped samples by two media method

“…The experimental errors were calculated using Eq. (5). This amounts to the uncertainties in the results less than 2%.…”

“…Various workers have measured the X-ray and gamma ray attenuation coefficients for elements [1][2][3][4][5], compounds [6,7], concretes and building materials [8][9][10][11], igneous rocks [12], radiation shielding glasses [13], biological samples (bone, muscle, fat and water) [14], solutions [15] and low atomic number materials [16] at different photon energies.…”

Gamma ray attenuation for determining soil density: laboratory experiments for Environmental Physics and Engineering courses

“…It was observed that in the worst cases (S-C-LOAM and S-LOAM) the emerging radiation intensity was less affected by the variation of the sample thickness (1.24 to 3.40 cm) [12]. Even being µ determined by the Beer-Lambert attenuation law close to that one determined by the XCOM, it is important to emphasize that the laboratory set up is prone to not produce accurate measurements of µ due to the lack of source and detector collimation as well as the type of detector and electronics used [13]. Then, errors as here reported are perfectly possible to be noticed.…”

Correction for multiple scattering of unpolareed photons in attenuation coefficient measurements

“…In practice, the attenuation coefficient p,(h) is computed from measurements with the expression where I,(t) represents the measured intensity in narrow-beam geometry for a sample of thickness t. By considering the integrated multiple scattering contribution < to the transmitted intensity, we obtain It is seen that the measured coefficient can (28) only decrease as effect of the scattering contributions, in contrast with the assumption made by some author^^^,^^ to explain their own experimental results with increasing h(Im(t)/Io) as a finction of thickness t.…”