Purpose
To investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of Notch signaling inhibition as an adjuvant to docetaxel in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) using a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI), PF-03084014.
Experimental Design
The effect of PF-03084014 on response to docetaxel was evaluated in docetaxel-sensitive and -resistant CRPC cell lines in vitro and in murine models. Both soft tissue and bone sites were evaluated in vivo. Impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cancer stem cells and angiogenesis were evaluated.
Results
The combination of PF-03084014 plus docetaxel reduced both docetaxel-sensitive and -resistant CRPC tumor growth in soft tissue and bone greater than either agent alone. Antitumor activity was associated with PF-03084014-induced inhibition of Notch pathway signaling; decreased survival signals (Cyclin E; MEK-ERK, PI3K-AKT, EGFR and NF-κB pathway; BCL-2, BCL-XL); increased apoptotic signals (BAK, BAX; cleaved-caspase 3); reduction of microvessel density; reduced epithelial mesenchymal transition; and reduction of cancer stem-like cells in the tumor.
Conclusion
These results reveal that PF-03084014 enhances docetaxel-mediated tumor response and provides a rationale to explore GSIs as adjunct therapy in conjunction with docetaxel for men with CRPC.