GaN Nanowire Growth Promoted by In–Ga–Au Alloy Catalyst with Emphasis on Agglomeration Temperature and In Composition

Waseem, Aadil; Johar, Muhammad Ali; Hassan, Mostafa Afifi; Bagal, Indrajit V.; Abdullah, Ameer; Ha, Jun‐Seok; Lee, June Key; Ryu, Sang‐Wan

doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c05587

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Figure 2a shows the SEM image of well‐separated spherical In–Ga–Au alloy particles, the details of agglomeration process and the optimization of In–Ga–Au composition is discussed in our preliminary study. [ 34 ] The overall morphology of the GaN:Mg NWs is shown in low and high magnification SEM images (Figure 2b,c); the average length of the NWs is ≈5 µm. The NWs are smoothly grown on all the area of tungsten foil with same morphology.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NWs exhibited the smaller diameter than the spherical In-Ga-Au metal alloy particles which is generally observed in VLS growth process. [29,34] In In-Ga-Au metal alloy particles, Au is the primary catalyst which lowers the activation energy barrier and enhances the growth rate of NWs. Once the growth is initiated, the special alloy particles also experience the lateral growth with very low growth rate making a few nm thick layer around the bottom surface of NWs, as shown in Figure 2b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Performance, Stable, and Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on GaN:Mg Nanowires Directly Grown on Tungsten Foil

Waseem

Bagal

Abdullah

et al. 2022

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Rapid development of micro‐electromechanical systems increases the need for flexible and durable piezoelectric nanogenerators (f‐PNG) with high output power density. In this study, a high‐performance, flexible, and highly stable f‐PNG is prepared by directly growing the Mg‐doped semi‐insulating GaN nanowires (NWs) on a 30‐µm‐thick tungsten foil using vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism. The direct growth of NWs on metal foil extends the overall lifetime of the f‐PNG. The semi‐insulating GaN NWs significantly enhance the piezoelectric performance of the f‐PNG by reducing free electron density. Additionally, the direct integration of NWs on the tungsten foil improves the conductivity, resulting in current enhancement (2.5 mA) with an output power density of 13 mW cm−2. The piezoelectric performance of the f‐PNG is investigated under several bending angles, actuation frequencies, continuous vibrations, and airflow velocities. The maximum output voltage exhibited by the f‐PNG is 20 V at a bending angle of 155°. The f‐PNG is connected to the backside of an index finger to monitor finger bending behavior by changing the current density. Depending on its flexibility and sensitivity, the f‐PNG can be used as a health‐monitoring sensor to be mounted on joints (fingers, hands, elbows, and knees) to monitor their repeated bending and relaxation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance, Stable, and Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on GaN:Mg Nanowires Directly Grown on Tungsten Foil

Waseem

Bagal

Abdullah

et al. 2022

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“…Structures of the BaM type possess uniaxial anisotropy. Such structures are characterized by significant growth anisotropy [ 19 ]: under supercooling conditions, they form needles, rods, hexagonal plates, etc. It seems to us that, for materials like BaM crystalline, magnetic anisotropy, as well as a superhydrophobic state, can be achieved using short-term plasma treatment without hydrophobic coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Superhydrophobic Barium Hexaferrite Coatings with Low Magnetic Hardness

2022

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Using the multifunctional material barium hexaferrite as an example, the prospects for treatment at a quasi-equilibrium low temperature in an open atmosphere to form superhydrophobic magnetic coatings with pronounced crystalline and magnetic anisotropy have been demonstrated for the first time. The relationship between plasma treatment conditions, structural-phase composition, morphology, and superhydrophobic properties of (0001) films of barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19 on C-sapphire is studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as magnetometry and moisture resistance analysis, were used as research methods. During plasma treatment with a mass-average temperature of 8–10 kK, intense evaporation and surface melting were observed, and texturing of the deposit along (0001) is found. When the treatment temperature was reduced to 4–5 kK, the evaporation of the material was minimized and magnetic and crystal anisotropy increased. However, the increase in the size of crystallites was accompanied by the transition of oxygen atoms from lattice nodes to interstitial positions. All samples exhibited low coercive fields below 500 Oe, associated with the frustration of the magnetic subsystem. Features of growth of materials with a wurtzite structure were used to form a superhydrophobic coating of barium hexaferrite. Plasma treatment regimes for obtaining self-cleaning coatings are proposed. The use of magnetically hard barium hexaferrite to radically change the properties of a coating is demonstrated herein as an example.

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“…The successful growth of semi-insulating piezoelectric semiconductors is a key factor in suppressing the free-carrier screening effect 40,43,44 . Compared with ZnO, GaN has a well-developed growth process, and its p-type doping can easily be controlled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-powered and flexible piezo-sensors based on conductivity-controlled GaN nanowire-arrays for mimicking rapid- and slow-adapting mechanoreceptors

et al. 2022

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Human skin contains slowly adaptive (SA) and rapidly adaptive (RA) mechanoreceptors, which respond differently to external stimuli. Based on human tactile perception principles, the fabrication of a self-powered electronic skin (e-skin) that simultaneously mimics SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors is a prime need for robots and artificial prosthetics to interact with the surrounding environment. However, the complex process of merging multimode sensors to mimic SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors hinders their utilization in e-skins. We proposed SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors based on n-type and semi-insulating GaN nanowire arrays. The SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors demonstrated distinguished features such as grasping of objects and detection of their surface textures. Based on piezoelectric sensing principles, the proposed e-skin can simultaneously mimic static and dynamic pressure signals. Mechanoreceptors further detected several stimuli of various pressures with low and high frequencies. The response and reset times showed by SA-mechanoreceptors were 11 and 18 ms under 1-Hz frequency, which are rapid enough for practical e-skin applications.

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GaN Nanowire Growth Promoted by In–Ga–Au Alloy Catalyst with Emphasis on Agglomeration Temperature and In Composition

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

High Performance, Stable, and Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on GaN:Mg Nanowires Directly Grown on Tungsten Foil

High Performance, Stable, and Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on GaN:Mg Nanowires Directly Grown on Tungsten Foil

Synthesis of Superhydrophobic Barium Hexaferrite Coatings with Low Magnetic Hardness

Self-powered and flexible piezo-sensors based on conductivity-controlled GaN nanowire-arrays for mimicking rapid- and slow-adapting mechanoreceptors

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