Gana Kolera Salgini

Abstract

The study aims to assess the annual outbreaks of cholera in various parts of Ghana. A detailed review of published articles on cholera outbreaks globally and in Ghana was conducted. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar databases to retrieve studies published on Cholera. The study showed that cholera has been a major public health challenge that occurs annually in Ghana since its first case in 1970. The region with the highest cholera cases annually is greater Accra with Accra being the district with the highest cases. From 1998 to 2017, greater Accra alone recorded 58.5% of all the cholera cases in Ghana. However, Upper West, Northern, Upper East and Volta region are the least affected regions in Ghana. These cholera outbreaks are as a result of poor sanitation and unsafe drinking water. Cholera outbreaks occur every year in Ghana and needs greater attention. These outbreaks have led to several deaths. This can be prevented if adequate safe drinking water is provided and sanitation is improved in Ghana.

Outbreak of Cholera in Ghana: A Systematic Review from 2010 to 2020

“…Since its first outbreak in 1970, cholera has been a significant public health issue that Ghana has to deal with every year. Greater Accra is the area with the most cholera cases each year, with Accra being the district with the most cases [12]. Greater Accra alone reported 58.5% of all cholera cases in Ghana from 1998 to 2017 [12].…”

“…Greater Accra is the area with the most cholera cases each year, with Accra being the district with the most cases [12]. Greater Accra alone reported 58.5% of all cholera cases in Ghana from 1998 to 2017 [12]. However, the least affected regions in Ghana are the Upper West, Northern, Upper East, and Volta region.…”

“…However, the least affected regions in Ghana are the Upper West, Northern, Upper East, and Volta region. These cholera outbreaks are brought on by inadequate sanitation and unhygienic water sources in overcrowded urban slums especially in flood prone seasons [12]. As part of Ghana's Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system, it is one of the twenty-three (23) priority diseases and disorders that are being monitored [13].…”

“…As part of Ghana's Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system, it is one of the twenty-three (23) priority diseases and disorders that are being monitored [13]. 54% of the 132 121 cholera cases and 2420 fatalities that were reported to WHO globally in 2016 were in Africa [12]. Ghana Health Service reports that a total of 9542 cholera cases with 100 fatalities were documented in 2010, 10 628 cases with 105 deaths in 2011, 28 975 cases with 243 deaths in 2014, 618 cases with five deaths in 2015, and 150 cholera cases in 2016 [12].…”

“…54% of the 132 121 cholera cases and 2420 fatalities that were reported to WHO globally in 2016 were in Africa [12]. Ghana Health Service reports that a total of 9542 cholera cases with 100 fatalities were documented in 2010, 10 628 cases with 105 deaths in 2011, 28 975 cases with 243 deaths in 2014, 618 cases with five deaths in 2015, and 150 cholera cases in 2016 [12]. Epidemiological monitoring noted 82,754 cases of cholera between 1998 and 2017 [12].…”