The study aims to assess the annual outbreaks of cholera in various parts of Ghana. A detailed review of published articles on cholera outbreaks globally and in Ghana was conducted. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar databases to retrieve studies published on Cholera. The study showed that cholera has been a major public health challenge that occurs annually in Ghana since its first case in 1970. The region with the highest cholera cases annually is greater Accra with Accra being the district with the highest cases. From 1998 to 2017, greater Accra alone recorded 58.5% of all the cholera cases in Ghana. However, Upper West, Northern, Upper East and Volta region are the least affected regions in Ghana. These cholera outbreaks are as a result of poor sanitation and unsafe drinking water. Cholera outbreaks occur every year in Ghana and needs greater attention. These outbreaks have led to several deaths. This can be prevented if adequate safe drinking water is provided and sanitation is improved in Ghana.

The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of breast cancer among health science students in Shahrekord city, Iran. A cross- sectional study was conducted in 2017-2018 academic year among 334 health science students in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaire. The total score for knowledge was 18. Any respondent who had more than 9 was considered as having good knowledge and below 9 as having poor knowledge. The total score for attitude was 7. Any score more than 4 was considered as good attitude and score less than 4 was considered as bad attitude. The mean age of the respondents was 21.21± 1.19 years. Most of the respondents aged 18 to 21 years. The knowledge level was significantly different by age group (P=0.002), department (P=0.000) and those who attended training course (P=0.000).  Those who perform BSE (Breast Self-Examination) had higher knowledge score about breast cancer than those who do not perform BSE (P=0.000).  The participants’ attitude was not significantly different by age group, department, family history of cancer and attending of training courses (p > 0.05). The breast self-examination practice was significantly different by age group (P=0.002), department (P=0.000) and those who attended training course (P=0.000). About half of the respondents had good knowledge on breast cancer. However, more than half of the participants had negative attitude towards breast cancer. For example, less than half of the respondents performed BSE and none of the respondents has performed CBE (Clinical Breast Examination) or mammogram before.

This study aims to compare the prevalence of hepatitis B among blood donors in Ghana and Nigeria through a systematic review. Materials and Methods: A comparative-systematic review was conducted on the prevalence of hepatitis B among blood donors in Ghana and Nigeria. The articles reviewed were conducted including years from 2010 to 2017. Results: The prevalence rate of hepatitis B among blood donors in Ghana ranged from 7.23% to 14.60%, while the prevalence rate among blood donors in Nigeria ranged from 7.50% to 19.90%. Conclusion: Therefore, the prevalence rate of hepatitis B among blood donors in Nigeria is higher than the prevalence rate of hepatitis B among blood donors in Ghana though both countries are still considered hepatitis B endemic countries.

The study aims to investigate knowledge and attitude towards hepatitis B infection among adults in Tamale, Ghana. A cross sectional study was conducted using self-administered structured questionnaire to assess participants’ level of knowledge and attitude towards hepatitis B infection among adults in Tamale, Ghana. Data was collected from people who agreed to participate in the study. The study sample was 281 participants. Simple random sampling was used to recruit participants. Data was analysed using SPSS version 24 and study findings presented using text and tables. The study revealed that about half of the respondents had good knowledge on hepatitis B infection. There were even some knowledge gaps among the respondents who had good knowledge on the infection. The study also revealed that 63% of the respondents had good attitude towards hepatitis B vaccination. Those who did not vaccinate against hepatitis B indicated the cost and other reasons as the barrier for not vaccinating. Almost all the respondents indicated they will visit health facility for treatment in case they realise they are infected with hepatitis B. The study shows knowledge and attitude towards hepatitis B is not adequate. There is therefore the need to put in more measures to educate the public on hepatitis B in order to improve the public’s knowledge and attitude towards hepatitis B infection.

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