Gangguan Berbahasa Pada Anak Dengan Ciri Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd)

Abstract

Language disorders are often experienced by children, especially with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Using qualitative descriptive and case study methods, this study examines the language disorder or S-LI (Speech or Language Impairment) on Student X with ADHD. The results of the study show that (1) the language disorders which experienced by Student X are phonology and pragmatic. Phonological impairments are adding phonemes /ŋ/, phoneme omitted, and phoneme changed in some specific words. The pragmatic impairments are difficulties to communicate and to understand speech and most of the time Student X have miscommunication when he made a conversation; (2) language disorder that occurs in the Student X because he has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) traits and he was born on six month pregnancy (premature); and (3) Student X can be given speech therapy to provide special services such as peer tutors and learning models with repetitive reading techniques and appropriate speech pronunciation. Language disorder that experienced by Student X is a serious problem and should be solved immediately because it can affect the acquisition of other language skills. Moreover, Student X will be difficult to understand the lessons according to the curriculum in the school.Abstrak: Gangguan berbahasa sering dialami anak-anak, khususnya pada penderita Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan studi kasus, penelitian ini mengkaji gangguan berbahasa atau S-LI (Speech or Language Impairment) pada Siswa X yang menderita ADHD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) gangguan bahasa yang dialami Siswa X adalah permasalahan fonologi dan pragmatik. Permasalahan bahasa pada tataran fonologi yang dialami oleh Siswa X, seperti pada penambahan fonem /ŋ/, penghilangan fonem, dan perubahan fonem pada kata-kata tertentu. Gangguan pragmatik yang dialami oleh Siswa X adalah kesulitan untuk berkomunikasi dan memahami ujaran dengan baik serta sering terjadi miskomunikasi pada saat berbicara; (2) gangguan berbahasa yang terjadi pada Siswa X karena ia memiliki ciri Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) dan terlahir prematur 6 bulan; dan (3) terapi wicara yang bisa diberikan kepada Siswa X adalah dengan memberikan layanan khusus berupa tutor sebaya dan model pembelajaran teknik membaca berulang-ulang serta pengucapan ujaran yang tepat. Gangguan berbahasa pada Siswa X merupakan masalah serius dan harus segera ditangani karena dapat berdampak pada penguasaan keterampilan berbahasa lainnya. Tidak hanya itu, Siswa X akan mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami pelajaran yang diberikan sesuai kurikulum di sekolah tersebut. Kata Kunci: gangguan berbahasa; ADHD; fonologi; pragmatik; terapi wicara

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