Gangsta rap and adult education

Abstract

Adult education instructors and administrators, who typically are not members of the hip‐hop generation, have little or no background, sensitivity, or understanding of the influence and significance of black popular culture and music for young African American and white adult learners.

Rebels Without a Pause: Hip‐hop and Resistance in the City

“…Hip-hop is well known to researchers, especially those in the field of ethnomusicology, and many studies have focused on hip-hop lyrics or particular personalities (Guy, 2004;Quinn, 2004;Kubrin, 2005). Some have focused on rap as performance (Dimitriadis, 1996;Smitherman, 1997;Guy, 2004) or on the question of race in hip-hop (Kelley, 1996;Ramsey, 2003;Harrison, 2009).…”

“…Hip-hop is well known to researchers, especially those in the field of ethnomusicology, and many studies have focused on hip-hop lyrics or particular personalities (Guy, 2004;Quinn, 2004;Kubrin, 2005). Some have focused on rap as performance (Dimitriadis, 1996;Smitherman, 1997;Guy, 2004) or on the question of race in hip-hop (Kelley, 1996;Ramsey, 2003;Harrison, 2009). Others have analysed the particular production of gangsta rap, and the often violent and stereotyping images conveyed by MCs (Guy, 2004;Quinn, 2004;Kubrin, 2005), or are interested in the production of a special space in hip-hop lyrics (Forman, 2000;Hess, 2009).…”

“…Some have focused on rap as performance (Dimitriadis, 1996;Smitherman, 1997;Guy, 2004) or on the question of race in hip-hop (Kelley, 1996;Ramsey, 2003;Harrison, 2009). Others have analysed the particular production of gangsta rap, and the often violent and stereotyping images conveyed by MCs (Guy, 2004;Quinn, 2004;Kubrin, 2005), or are interested in the production of a special space in hip-hop lyrics (Forman, 2000;Hess, 2009). The political dimension has already been analysed by scholars interrogating lyrics and the MC's life (Henderson, 1996;Alridge, 2003;Boyd, 2003;Perry, 2004;Morant, 2010;Stanford, 2011) or the relations between rap and the state (Nielson, 2010).…”

The Future of Adult Education in the Urban African American Church

“…Many of today's urban communities face a number of challenges (Guy, 2004;Martin & Rogers, 2004). Not only has quality education for children been of concern in these communities, education for adults has come under criticism.…”

Culture, Conditions, and the Transition to Adulthood

“…Research on young adults in adult education has focused primarily on characteristics, motivations, and barriers for continuing education (Darkenwald & Knox, ), and the application of adult development theory to increase effectiveness of programmatic approaches (Darkenwald, ). In terms of youth and culture, Guy (), for example, discussed the influence of African American Black popular culture on Black and White youths in adult education, raising concerns that the cultural gap between educators and learners restricts possibilities of meeting learner needs. However, the relationship between culture and the constitution of motivations and barriers in the transition to adulthood has not been extensively explored.…”