Gap analysis of<i>Mycoplasma bovis</i>disease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements

Calcutt, Michael J.; Lysnyansky, Inna; Sachse, Konrad; Fox, Lawrence K.; Nicholas, R. A. J.; Ayling, Roger D.

doi:10.1111/tbed.12860

Cited by 103 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 166 publications

(237 reference statements)

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“…A long-lasting concept is that viruses are primary pathogens, paving the way for bacterial infections (Griffin et al, 2010). Also, Mycoplasma bovis is increasingly recognized as a primary pathogen, although this remains controversial in the scientific community (Calcutt et al, 2018). Despite the importance of BRD, most available studies on pathogen identification in live animals are limited in number of herds and pathogens studied (Autio et al, 2007;Pardon et al, 2011;Murray et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen-specific risk factors in acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in calves

Pardon

Callens

Maris

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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Respiratory tract infections (bovine respiratory disease) are a major concern in calf rearing. The objective of this study was to identify pathogen-specific risk factors associated with epidemic respiratory disease in calves. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 128 outbreaks (29 dairy, 58 dairy-mixed, and 41 beef) in Belgium (2016Belgium ( -2018. A semiquantitative PCR for 7 respiratory pathogens was done on a pooled nonendoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage sample for each herd. Potential risk factors were collected by questionnaire and derived from the national cattle registration databank. Most outbreaks occurred between October and March, and single and multiple viral infections were detected in 58.6% (75/128) and 13.3% (17/128), respectively. Bovine coronavirus (BCV) was the most frequently isolated virus (38.4%), followed by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (bRSV; 29.4%) and parainfluenzavirus type 3 (PI-3; 8.1%). Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni were detected in 33.3, 41.2, 89.1, and 36.4% of the herds, respectively. Specific risk factors for BCV detection were detection of M. haemolytica [odds ratio (OR) = 2.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-7.5)], increasing herd size [OR = 1.3 (1.0-1.8) for each increase with 100 animals] and detection of BCV by antigen ELISA on feces in calves in the last year [OR = 3.6 (1.2-11.1)]. A seasonal effect was shown for bRSV only {more in winter compared with autumn [OR = 10.3 (2.8-37.5)]}. Other factors associated with bRSV were PI-3 detection [OR = 13.4 (2.1-86.0)], prevalence of calves with respiratory disease [OR = 1.02 (1.00-1.04) per 1% increase], and number of days with respiratory signs before sampling [OR = 0.99 (0.98-0.99) per day increase]. Next to its association with BCV, M. haemolytica was more frequently detected in herds with 5 to 10 animals per pen [OR = 8.0 (1.4-46.9)] compared with <5 animals, and in herds with sawdust as bedding [OR = 18.3 (1.8-191.6)]. Also, for H. somni, housing on sawdust was a risk factor [OR = 5.2 (1.2-23.0)]. Purchase of cattle [OR = 2.9 (1.0-8.0)] and housing of recently purchased animals in the same airspace [OR = 5.0 (1.5-16.5)] were risk factors for M. bovis.This study identified pathogen-specific risk factors that might be useful for the development of customized control and prevention and for the design of decision support tools to justify antimicrobial use by predicting the most likely pathogen before sampling results are available.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen-specific risk factors in acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in calves

Pardon

Callens

Maris

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Mycoplasma bovis strongly contributes to economically important diseases like mastitis and pneumonia and heavily affects animal welfare and antimicrobial use in modern dairy farming [1]. Prevalence seems to be rising and increasing antimicrobial resistance has been reported as well [2,3].…”

Section: Introduction Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of Mycoplasma bovis in colostrum

Gille

Evrard²,

Callens

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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In herds with Mycoplasma bovis circulation, colostrum is often considered infectious. However, in contrast to milk, the presence of M. bovis in colostrum was not previously evidenced. In this survey, the presence of M. bovis DNA was determined with real-time PCR in 368 colostrum samples from 17 herds, recently infected with M. bovis. Only 1.9% of the samples tested positive, with 13 herds having no positive samples and an overall within-herd prevalence of 3.2% (SD: 4.9%; Range: 0-30.0%). These results show that in infected herds M. bovis DNA can be retrieved in colostrum. To what extend colostrum is infectious remains to be determined.

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“…Calcutt et al. () identify gaps in knowledge of Mycoplasma bovis . In the absence of a commercial M. bovis vaccine, exploration of the genome potentially leading to vaccine development is an important research priority.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

DISCONTOOLS supplement: Current research gaps for advancing control of infectious diseases in production animals

Charlier¹,

Barkema

2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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DISCONTOOLS (DISease CONtrol TOOLS) is an open-access database to assist public and private funders of animal health research in identifying research gaps and planning future research. This database is supported by a range of national funders of animal health research in Europe, with industry providing secretariat support. Information in the database is generated by disease-specific expert groups. In this DISCONTOOLS Supplement, contributing experts expanded their gap analyses into review papers for 15 diseases, covering zoonotic, production and epizootic diseases. Across this diverse array of diseases, it is clear that fundamental research on host-pathogen relationships and immune responses remains critical for evidence-based development of novel vaccines, pharmaceuticals and diagnostics to improve animal health. Furthermore, it is also obvious that there is need to better utilize economics and knowledge regarding "human factors" to optimise uptake and use of a broad range of tools and insights.

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Gap analysis ofMycoplasma bovisdisease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements

Cited by 103 publications

References 166 publications

Pathogen-specific risk factors in acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in calves

Pathogen-specific risk factors in acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in calves

The presence of Mycoplasma bovis in colostrum

DISCONTOOLS supplement: Current research gaps for advancing control of infectious diseases in production animals

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