Gardening in Displacement: The Benefits of Cultivating in Crisis

Millican, Juliet; Perkins, Carrie; Adam-Bradford, Andrew

doi:10.1093/jrs/fey033

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In a refugee context, limited financial resources resulted in a decrease in the consumption of purchased fruits and vegetables [7]. Many studies have dealt with the impact of kitchen gardening on food security in a humanitarian setting [21,[123][124][125][126] but gardening programs have often been overlooked from a nutritional standpoint. Only recently, Adam-Bradford et al [127] made an extensive review of emerging case studies concerning stabilization agriculture in complex emergencies.…”

Section: Contribution To Mineral Dietary Allowancementioning

confidence: 99%

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in a refugee context in East Africa: Kitchen gardening helps with mineral provision

et al. 2021

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Kitchen gardening is considered a way to reconnect with agriculture and complement the cereal-based relief food offered to refugees in East Africa. This work aimed at profiling mineral content of okra in four refugee camps and settlements located in Ethiopia and Uganda and its contribution to adequate intake (AIs) or recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for young children and pregnant and lactating women (PLW). The study also evaluated the applicability of portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) as compared with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for mineral profiling of okra powder samples. The contents of minerals (mg kg−1) from the ICP-MS readings were in the following ranges: K (14,385–33,294), Ca (2610–14,090), P (3178–13,248), Mg (3896–7986), Cu (3.81–19.3), Fe (75.7–1243), Zn (33–141) and Mn (23.1–261). Regardless of geographic origin, at low-end consumption probability (17 g day−1 for young children and 68 g day−1 for PLW), okra could contribute ˂ 15% (2.7–12.9%) AI for macro-minerals (K and Ca). In addition, the contributions to RDA values for Fe and Zn, elements of known public health interest, ranged from 4.5 to 34.7% for young children. Interestingly, regression lines revealed strong agreement between ICP-MS and PXRF readings for Mn and Zn, with R2 values > 0.91. This information is useful in support of nutrition-sensitive kitchen gardening programs through scaling culturally important crops in refugee settings.

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Section: Contribution To Mineral Dietary Allowancementioning

confidence: 99%

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in a refugee context in East Africa: Kitchen gardening helps with mineral provision

et al. 2021

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“…More recently in Iraq and Jordan, the role of urban agriculture in displacement camps has been further investigated [40], with research findings highlighting the multiple benefits, for example, the importance of space for both personal peace and wellbeing, fresh food, trees and greenery, livelihood and daily practical activities and a contribution to building a sense of belonging, community and home [41]. Likewise the actual challenges of incorporating urban agriculture into camp infrastructure have also been identified [42].…”

Section: Defining Stabilisation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilisation agriculture: reviewing an emerging concept with case studies from Afghanistan and Iraq

et al. 2020

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Stabilisation Agriculture has been defined as a focus on enhancing the ecological and social resilience of agricultural communities to withstand and respond to adverse conditions in countries affected by disasters, ranging from climate events to conflict and complex emergencies. However, in this review paper, rather than taking a broad disaster risk management approach to the topic, a focus is made on the nexus between agriculture, food security and conflict. Food insecurity, for example, can trigger instability and conflict, leading to the collapse of agricultural infrastructure, the loss of farm labour, and local farming knowledge through loss of life and forced migration. This cycle becomes endemic and reinforcing, often resulting in chronic food shortages and eventually conflict-driven famine. Hence, why an emphasis on post-conflict "stabilisation" is made in this examination of the emerging concept of Stabilisation Agriculture. Case studies from Afghanistan and Iraq are used to illustrate the benefits of elevating agriculture as a critical response tool in post-conflict and stabilisation settings, and following a subsequent discussion that explores the critical synergies in this emerging field, a redefined definition of Stabilisation Agriculture is proposed along with recommendations for future development through policy inclusion and mainstreaming, post-conflict programming and applied research.

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“…Several international Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have recognised the importance of developing agriculture and greening in the context of migration and crisis [3]. For example, in 2000 the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and FOA provided 15,000 families in Tanzania with seedlings [4], and in 2005 UNHCR distributed 200,000 seedlings as part of their Greening Camps Programme [5].…”

Section: Project Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivating Refuge: The Role of Urban Agriculture Amongst Refugees and Forced Migrants in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Tomkins¹,

Yousef²,

Adam-Bradford³

et al. 2019

Int. J. DNE

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Refugee camps are born out of chaos and crisis, characterised as short-term responses with little in the way of planning for long-term living. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that within protracted refugee situations, all too often these camps morph into 'accidental cities', where an accelerated everyday urbanism transforms tents into streets lined with self-built homes. Within the camps of northern Iraq, displaced Syrian refugees are finding innovative ways to incorporate urban agriculture and agroforestry into these unintended but now permanent settlements. Largely unsupported and often in conflict with the initial disaster response planning for camps, Urban Agriculture (UA) flourishes at a household level, providing access to fresh food, healing spaces from trauma, and creative place-making practices. Using lessons learnt from three years of practical fieldwork developing and supporting UA in camps located in northern Iraq, this paper demonstrates that with or without institutional support home gardens emerge at every stage of camp development as a vital yet little-discussed and even less planned practice. The paper argues that refugee settlements, home to millions worldwide, need to be seen as both urban and permanent, with home gardening and agriculture as a core response at the point of crisis, or risk developing, by default, into unsustainable-slum-like-cities of the future.

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Gardening in Displacement: The Benefits of Cultivating in Crisis

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in a refugee context in East Africa: Kitchen gardening helps with mineral provision

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in a refugee context in East Africa: Kitchen gardening helps with mineral provision

Stabilisation agriculture: reviewing an emerging concept with case studies from Afghanistan and Iraq

Cultivating Refuge: The Role of Urban Agriculture Amongst Refugees and Forced Migrants in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

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