Garlic extract attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficit in obese-insulin resistant rats

Pintana, Hiranya; Sripetchwandee, Jirapas; Supakul, Luerat; Apaijai, Nattayaporn; Chattipakorn, Nipon; Chattipakorn, Siriporn C.

doi:10.1139/apnm-2014-0255

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In confirmation of our results, administration of H. scabrum Ext in rats was shown to improve learning and memory and possess antioxidant activity [27]. In accordance with this finding, Pintana et al [72] have shown that an HFD impairs learning and memory, and treatment with garlic extract restores these impairments in obese insulinresistant rats. In our previous investigation [3], the rats in the HFD groups demonstrated a significant reduction in glutathione level in comparison to those in extract and control groups, whereas, the malondialdehyde levels in the HFD groups were significantly greater than those in the extract and control groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Hypericum scabrum extract on dentate gyrus synaptic plasticity in high fat diet-fed rats

et al. 2020

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High-fat diet (HFD) can induce deficits in neural function, oxidative stress, and decrease hippocampal neurogenesis. Hypericum (H.) scabrum extract (Ext) contains compounds that could treat neurological disorders. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective impacts of the H. scabrum Ext on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats that were fed HFD. Fifty-four male Wistar rats (220 ± 10 g) were randomly arranged in six groups: (1) HFD group; (2) HFD + Ext300 group; (3) HFD + Ext100 group; (4) Control group; (5) Ext 300 mg/kg group; (6) Ext 100 mg/kg group. These protocols were administrated for 3 months. After this stage, a stimulating electrode was implanted in the perforant pathway (PP), and a bipolar recording electrode was embedded into the dentate gyrus (DG). Long-term potentiation (LTP) was provoked by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the PP. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) and population spikes (PS) were recorded at 5, 30, and 60 min after HFS. The HFD group exhibited a large and significant decrease in their PS amplitude and EPSP slope as compared to the control and extract groups. In reverse, H. scabrum administration in the HFD + Ext rats reversed the effect of HFD on the PS amplitude and EPSP slope. The results of the study support that H. scabrum Ext can inhibit diminished synaptic plasticity caused by the HFD. These effects are probably due to the extreme antioxidant impacts of the Ext and its capability to scavenge free radicals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Hypericum scabrum extract on dentate gyrus synaptic plasticity in high fat diet-fed rats

et al. 2020

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“…It has also been reported that repeated administration of aged garlic extract enhanced memory function by increasing 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in rats [40]. Furthermore, commercial garlic extract powder capsules have been shown to improve cognitive function and brain mitochondrial function, which were impaired in obese, insulin-resistant rats because of high-fat diet [41]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils from two Allium species exert effects on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus by modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and acetylcholinesterase

Jung

Lee

Yoo

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundIn the present study, we investigated the effects of oil products from two Allium species: Allium sativum (garlic) and Allium hookeri (Chinese chives) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus.MethodsUsing corn oil as a vehicle, the essential oil from garlic (10 ml/kg), or Chinese chives (10 ml/kg) was administered orally to 9-week-old mice once a day for 3 weeks. One hour following the last treatment, a novel object recognition test was conducted and the animals were killed 2 h after the test.ResultsIn comparison to the vehicle-treated group, garlic essential oil (GO) treatment resulted in significantly increased exploration time and discrimination index during the novel object recognition test, while Chinese chives essential oil (CO) reduced the exploration time and discrimination index in the same test. In addition, the number of Ki67-immunoreactive proliferating cells and doublecortin-immunoreactive neuroblasts significantly increased in the dentate gyrus of GO-treated animals. However, administration of CO significantly decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. Administration of GO significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampal homogenates. In contrast, administration of CO decreased BDNF protein levels and had no significant effect on AChE activity, compared to that in the vehicle-treated group.ConclusionsThese results suggest that GO significantly improves novel object recognition as well as increases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, by modulating hippocampal BDNF protein levels and AChE activity, while CO impairs novel object recognition and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, by reducing BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus.

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“…The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to evaluate concentrations of serum and brain MDA as described previously (Candan and Tuzmen 2008;Mateos et al 2005;Pintana et al 2013;Pintana et al 2014). …”

Section: Blood Sample Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone replacement attenuates cognitive decline in testosterone-deprived lean rats, but not in obese rats, by mitigating brain oxidative stress

Pintana

Pongkan

Pratchayasakul

et al. 2015

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Testosterone replacement improves metabolic parameters and cognitive function in hypogonadism. However, the effects of testosterone therapy on cognition in obese condition with testosterone deprivation have not been investigated. We hypothesized that testosterone replacement improves cognitive function in testosterone-deprived obese rats by restoring brain insulin sensitivity, brain mitochondrial function, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Thirty male Wistar rats had either a bilateral orchiectomy (ORX: O, n = 24) or a sham operation (S, n = 6). ORX rats were further divided into two groups fed with either a normal diet (NDO) or a high-fat diet (HFO) for 12 weeks. Then, ORX rats in each dietary group were divided into two subgroups (n = 6/subgroup) and were given either castor oil or testosterone (2 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 4 weeks. At the end of this protocol, cognitive function, metabolic parameters, brain insulin sensitivity, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and brain mitochondrial function were determined. We found that testosterone replacement increased peripheral insulin sensitivity, decreased circulation and brain oxidative stress levels, and attenuated brain mitochondrial ROS production in HFO rats. However, testosterone failed to restore hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in HFO rats. In contrast, in NDO rats, testosterone decreased circulation and brain oxidative stress levels, attenuated brain mitochondrial ROS production, and restored hippocampal synaptic plasticity as well as cognitive function. These findings suggest that testosterone replacement improved peripheral insulin sensitivity and decreased oxidative stress levels, but failed to restore hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in testosterone-deprived obese rats. However, it provided beneficial effects in reversing cognitive impairment in testosterone-deprived non-obese rats.

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Garlic extract attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficit in obese-insulin resistant rats

Cited by 36 publications

References 59 publications

Effects of Hypericum scabrum extract on dentate gyrus synaptic plasticity in high fat diet-fed rats

Effects of Hypericum scabrum extract on dentate gyrus synaptic plasticity in high fat diet-fed rats

Essential oils from two Allium species exert effects on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus by modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and acetylcholinesterase

Testosterone replacement attenuates cognitive decline in testosterone-deprived lean rats, but not in obese rats, by mitigating brain oxidative stress

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