GARP : A Highly Reliable Grid Based Adaptive Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Day, Khaled; Touzene, Abderezak; Arafeh, Bassel; Alzeidi, Nasser

doi:10.5121/ijcnc.2017.9506

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The grid-based adaptive routing protocol (GARP) [12] achieves reliable packets routing by dividing the entire network into grid cells. A node in one grid cell transmits packets to a node in another grid cell.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability-Aware Cooperative Routing with Adaptive Amplification for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

et al. 2019

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The protocols in underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks (UAWSNs) that address reliability in packets forwarding usually consider the connectivity of the routing paths up to one- or two-hops. Since senor nodes are connected with one another using other nodes in their neighborhood, such protocols have compromised reliability. It is because these protocols do not guarantee the presence of neighbors beyond the selected one- or two-hops for connectivity and path establishment. This is further worsened by the harshness and unpredictability of the underwater scenario. In addition, establishment of the routing paths usually requires the nodes’ undersea geographical locations, which is infeasible because currents in water cause the nodes to move from one position to another. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents two routing schemes for UAWSNs: reliability-aware routing (RAR) and reliability-aware cooperative routing with adaptive amplification (RACAA). RAR considers complete path connectivity to advance packets to sea surface. This overcomes packets loss when connectivity is not established and forwarder nodes are not available for data routing. For all the established paths, the probability of successfully transmitting data packets is calculated. This avoids the adverse channel effects. However, sea channel is unpredictable and fluctuating and its properties may change after its computation and prior to information transmission. Therefore, cooperative routing is introduced to RAR with adaptive power control of relays, which makes the RACCA protocol. In RACAA, a relay node increases its transmit power than normal when the error in the data; it receives from the sender, is more than 50 % before transferring it further to destination. This further increases the reliability when such packets are forwarded. Unlike the conventional approach, the proposed protocols are independent of knowing the geographical locations of nodes in establishing the routes, which is computationally challenging due to nodes’ movements with ocean currents and tides. Simulation results exhibit that RAR and RACAA outperform the counterpart scheme in delivering packets to the water surface.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability-Aware Cooperative Routing with Adaptive Amplification for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

et al. 2019

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“…[24], or deterministic routing, such as [11] [23] [25]. In the location-based on demand routing, the proposed algorithms perform a route discovery process based on broadcasting.…”

Section: Grid-based Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the grid-based routing schemes proposed by Arafeh et al [23], Al-Salti et al [11], and Banimelhem et al [21] are based on 2D geometry for constructing multipath between the source and the destination. How- grid-based routing schemes proposed by Day et al [10] for MANETs, Day et al [25] for UWSNs are making use of methods for the construction of disjoint paths in k-ary n-cube interconnection networks to establish multipath routing [25], or a distributed routing scheme as in [23]. However, the main contribution of deterministic routing is in enhancing routing reliability by constructing node-disjoint multiple paths from source to destination.…”

Section: Grid-based Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Void Avoidance Scheme for Grid-Based Multipath Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Subhi¹,

Arafeh²,

Alzeidi³

et al. 2018

WSN

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This work proposes a geographic routing protocol for UWSNs based on the construction of a 3D virtual grid structure, called Void-Avoidance Grid-based Multipath Position-based Routing (VA-GMPR). It consists of two main components, the multipath routing scheme and the grid-based void avoidance (GVA) mechanism for handling routing holes. The multipath routing scheme adopts node-disjoint routes from the source to the sink in order to enhance network reliability and load balancing. While the GVA mechanism handles the problem of holes in 3D virtual grid structure based on three techniques: Hole bypass, path diversion, and path backtracking. The performance evaluation of the VA-GMPR protocol was compared to a recently proposed grid-based routing protocol for UWSNs, called Energy-efficient Multipath Geographic Grid-based Routing (EMGGR). The results showed that the VA-GMPR protocol outperformed the EMGGR protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, and end-to end-delay. However, the results also showed that the VA-GMPR protocol exhibited higher energy consumption compared to EMGGR.

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EEGBRP: an energy-efficient grid-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Noorbakhsh

Soltanaghaei

2022

Wireless Netw

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GARP : A Highly Reliable Grid Based Adaptive Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: We make use of the existence of cell-disjoint

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Reliability-Aware Cooperative Routing with Adaptive Amplification for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

Reliability-Aware Cooperative Routing with Adaptive Amplification for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

A Void Avoidance Scheme for Grid-Based Multipath Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

EEGBRP: an energy-efficient grid-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

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