Gas and Odor Emissions From Swine Building Materials

Pelletier, Frédéric; Marquis, A.; Godbout, Stéphane; Joncas, R.; Larouche, Jean-Pierre; Massé, Daniel I.; Begue, P.

doi:10.13031/2013.18314

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Analyses of some compounds of interest, for example, carboxylic acids, can be affected by the presence of water in air, and loading of that water on sorbent tubes and subsequently on a GCmass spectrometry system. 19 Most recently, Pelletier et al 20 published an interesting summary of investigations of emissions of odor and selected gases (NH 3 , N 2 O, CO 2 , and CH 4 ) from common building materials submerged previously in swine manure in laboratory conditions. It is now known that all of the tested materials are capable of re-emitting odor and the selected gases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Livestock Odors Using Steel Plates, Solid-Phase Microextraction, and Multidimensional Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry–Olfactometry

Bulliner

Kozieł

Cai

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Livestock operations are associated with emissions of odor, gases, and particulate matter (PM). Livestock odor characterization is one of the most challenging analytical tasks. This is because odor-causing gases are often present at very low concentrations in a complex matrix of less important or irrelevant gases. The objective of this project was to develop a set of characteristic reference odors from a swine barn in Iowa and, in the process, identify compounds causing characteristic swine odor. Odor samples were collected using a novel sampling methodology consisting of clean steel plates exposed inside and around the swine barn for Յ1 week. Steel plates were then transported to the laboratory and stored in clean jars. Headspace solid-phase microextraction was used to extract characteristic odorants collected on the plates. All of the analyses were conducted on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry system where the human nose is used as a detector simultaneously with chemical analysis via mass spectrometry. Multidimensional chromatography was used to isolate and identify chemicals with high-characteristic swine odor. The effects of sampling time, distance from a source, and the presence of PM on the abundance of specific gases, odor intensity, and odor character were tested. Steel plates were effectively able to collect key volatile compounds and odorants. The abundance of specific gases and odor was amplified when plates collected PM. The results of this research indicate that PM is major carrier of odor and several key swine odorants. Three odor panelists were consistent in identifying p-cresol as closely resembling characteristic swine odor, as well as attributing to p-cresol the largest odor response out of the samples. Further research is warranted to determine how the control of PM emissions from swine housing could affect odor emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Livestock Odors Using Steel Plates, Solid-Phase Microextraction, and Multidimensional Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry–Olfactometry

Bulliner

Kozieł

Cai

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Kavolésis (2005) observed that in slatted and concrete floor system, the ammonia emission rate was 2.2 and 2.8 kg pig -1 yr -1 respectively. Pelletier et al (2005) studied gas and odour emissions produced by 11 different materials commonly used in pig housing. Highest ammonia emission was produced by normal concrete, which reached a maximum of about 175 mg m -2 h -1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of floor type on the growth performance and health status of growing-finishing pigs

Garcimartín

Ovejero

Minguela³

et al. 2008

Span. j. agric. res.

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Using a factorial design: two full floor types, concrete vs. concrete waterproofed with resin (resin floor) and two slat types, concrete vs. metal, were used to house 72 pigs in four rooms (18 pigs room -1 ). During the experimental period which lasted from 22.9 kg to 112.7 kg live weight the four groups of pigs received the same feed. Growth, water consumption and health status of the pigs as well as subjective odour level inside the rooms were studied. The resin floor with metal slats tended (P < 0.1) to improve feed conversion efficiency and positively affected (P < 0.03) pig health. In the room with the resin floor and metal slats odour level was significantly lower than in the other three rooms. The potential predictive function for the relationship between average daily water consumption (WC, in L) and feed average daily intake (FADI, in kg) is WC = 2.692 x FADI 1.265 . Odour level increased with pig live weight. The use of resin as an impermeable floor material is promising for housing growing, finishing pigs. Additional key words: odour level, production results, resin floor, sanitary status, water consumption. ResumenEfecto del tipo de suelo sobre los resultados productivos y estado sanitario de cerdos en crecimiento y acabado Bajo un tratamiento factorial: dos tipos de suelo, hormigón vs hormigón impermeabilizado con resina (suelo de resina) y dos tipos de rejilla, hormigón vs metálica, 72 cerdos fueron alojados en cuatro salas (18 cerdos por sala). Durante el periodo experimental, comprendido entre 22,9 y 112,7 kg de peso vivo los cuatro grupos de cerdos recibieron el mismo tipo de pienso. Se estudió el crecimiento, el consumo de agua y el estado sanitario de los cerdos, así como el nivel subjetivo de olor en el interior de las salas. El suelo de resina y la rejilla metálica tendieron (P < 0,1) a mejorar el índice de transformación del alimento y afectaron positivamente, a un nivel significativo (P < 0,03), al estado sanitario de los cerdos. En la sala de suelo de resina y rejilla metálica el nivel de olor fue significativamente más bajo que en las restantes. La relación entre el consumo de agua y de pienso se ajustó a una función potencial. El nivel de olor aumentó con el peso vivo de los cerdos. La utilización de resina como material impermeabilizante del suelo es prometedora para los alojamientos de cerdos de cebo.Palabras clave adicionales: consumo de agua, nivel de olor, resultados productivos, sanidad, suelo de resina.Abbreviations used: ADG (average daily gain), FADI (feed average daily intake), FCE (feed conversion efficiency), ME (metabolizable energy), SEM (standard error of mean), WC (water consumption).

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“…Measuring period lasted between 1 and 2 h, 1.5 h was therefore assumed for unit conversion since exact duration is not specified. Pelletier et al, 2005 0-21; 0-49 0-75; 0-175 Range of emission rates obtained during the 24 h measurement period, for two different replications. These emissions are for 30 MPa concrete previously submerged in swine manure for 72 h. Groenesteinet al, 2006 17.5 This is the maximum volatilisation rate obtained from a removable concrete tile left in a sow house for 30 d and analysed in a laboratory during 7 d after fresh urine has been poured on it.…”

Section: Reference Nh 3 Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…plastics and metals) for slats such as better foot traction, less damage to the claws, longer lifespan and lower investment costs (Timmerman et al, 2003). On the other hand, it may contribute to higher NH 3 emission (Aarnink et al, 1997;Pedersen and Ravn, 2008;Pelletier et al, 2005). This potential inconvenience may be prevented by the application of a coating on the concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating ammonia emission potential from concrete slat designs for pig housing

Hamelin

Godbout

Thériault

et al. 2010

Biosystems Engineering

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In growing-finishing pig houses, ammonia (NH 3) is mainly produced by excreta on the concrete slatted floor surface and in the slurry pit. The objective of this study was to reduce the amount of NH 3 emissions produced on the fouled floor surfaces of growing-finishing pig houses by finding a slat design that minimises the contact between excreta and concrete. Concrete slat prototypes were tested with regards to their NH 3 emission potential under fouling simulations. Three factors were studied; the slats cross-section shape, the presence or absence of a notch along the slats, and the presence or absence of an epoxy coating applied to the slats. Slats were uniformly fouled with a urea-urease solution. Immediately after fouling, the slats were inserted in an environmental emission chamber and NH 3 concentrations were measured at 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the fouling event. Emission rates were calculated for each of these five sampling events. Statistical analysis showed that only the presence of a notch had a significant effect on the reduction of NH 3 emission rates. Compared with the control design that is typically used in pig houses, the presence of a notch resulted in average reductions between 23 and 42%.

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Gas and Odor Emissions From Swine Building Materials

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of Livestock Odors Using Steel Plates, Solid-Phase Microextraction, and Multidimensional Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry–Olfactometry

Characterization of Livestock Odors Using Steel Plates, Solid-Phase Microextraction, and Multidimensional Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry–Olfactometry

Effect of floor type on the growth performance and health status of growing-finishing pigs

Evaluating ammonia emission potential from concrete slat designs for pig housing

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