Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-accelerating voltage alternator system for the measurement of stable isotope ratios in organic molecules

Klein, Peter; Haumann, J.R.; Eisler, William J.

doi:10.1021/ac60311a020

Cited by 56 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Jordan and May 10 a have pointed out that the enrichment processes for concentrating the heavy stable isotopes would also concentrate any coexisting naturally occurring radioactive isotopes. Thus an enrichment process for 2 H would simultaneously enrich 3 H. Likewise, 14 C would be enriched with 13 C, and 35 S with 34 S. This would not be a problem with oxygen or nitrogen, since, as stated earlier, there are no long-lived radioisotopes of these elements. The problem has been avoided in the production of 13 C at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratories by use of carbon from petrochemical sources which contains a very low level of 14 C. 15 a The commonly available deuterium compounds do, however, appear to contain a significant amount of tritium contamination.…”

Section: Isotope Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The choice of label location as well as the choice of isotope is dictated by requirements of the problem and availability of labeled precursors. The stable isotopes most likely to be used in pharmacological studies are: 2 H, 13 C, 15 N, 17 0 or 18 0, and 34 S. It is often desirable to prepare a labeled compound which is more than one mass unit heavier than the unlabeled compound. Use of 18 0 or 34 S would allow an increase of two mass units with one isotopic substitution, whereas the other isotopes listed, being only one mass unit heavier, would require multiple labeling.…”

Section: Synthetic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of stable isotopes in pharmacology‐clinical pharmacology

Knapp

Gaffney

1972

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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The greatest advantages offered by stable isotopes over their radioactive counterparts is the absence of problems associated with radiation. Absence of possible radiation damage to living systems is very important in human studies, especially in the case of children or pregnant women. Absence of radiation hazard also makes the synthesis and handling of stable isotope‐labeled compounds much simpler.

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Section: Isotope Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Synthetic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of stable isotopes in pharmacology‐clinical pharmacology

Knapp

Gaffney

1972

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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“…The AVA technique (Alternative Voltage Acceleration) has also been used for this type of determination (26).…”

Section: Contribution Of Stable Isotopes To the Qualitative And Quantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotopes in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics

Roncucci¹,

Simon²,

Jacques³

et al. 1976

European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

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“…Quantitative analysis of drugs and hormones using stable isotope-labeled internal standards rather than radioactive analogs should have important applications in clinical pharmacology (45). This technique has been used to measure nortriptyline (46,47), bile acids e.g., chenodeoxycholic acid (48), and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (49). Picomole levels of norepinephrine and dopamine have been measured (50) by a similar method using IX-methyl deriva tives of these amines rather than deuterium-labeled analogs as internal standards.…”

Section: Multiple Ion Detection In Vapor Phase Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of New Analytical Techniques to Pharmacology

Jt¹

1973

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.

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Tennessee 6572Increasingly sensitive and systematic probes into the microchemistry at the receptor and cellular level in a physiological system continue to demonstrate the complexity of such an environment. The awareness that minor constituents can play a major role in mediating physiological responses has resulted in even greater demands on analytical methodology. The investigator, realizing that his" model" is no better than his methodology, seeks to isolate or measure selectively the concentration of a specific drug or hormone that is available to target tissue. The central theme of this chapter emphasizes new developments in the purification of biological samples that may contain lab ile molecules, detection of minor constituents with great specificity, and fixation of tissue to retain or more closely represent in vivo concentrations of certain heat stable drugs and hormones.Affinity chromatography, based on the biological principle of immuno chemistry, can be used as a single-step method of isolating or purifying enzymes and other macromolecules with high retention of biological activity. Applications are described for the isolation of a glucagon receptor as well as purification of acetylcholinesterase, tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, and various cell types. This technique also offers the possibility of selectively isolating trace quantities of a drug or specific hormone from biological fluids.Liquid chromatography holds new promise for the preliminary purification of biological samples prior to quantification by other techniques. Several new developments in high-pressure liquid chromatography permit better interaction between sample and partitioning phases resulting in faster, more efficient separa tions comparable to those obtained in gas-liquid chromatography. Examples of separating classes of benzodiazepines, coumarins, steroids, and vitamins by high pressure liquid chromatography are described as well as applications of reversed-phase and gel permeation chromatography.Multiple ion detection (MID) is described as an adjustable selective detector for biologically important molecules that are suitable for vapor phase analysis. The usefulness of this technique is demonstrated with the analysis of a complex biological sample (urinary catecholamine metabolites) that overwhelmed a flame ionization and electron capture detector, but yet was amenable to MID. Another application of MID with stable isotopes is described in the context of prostaglan din analysis. New developments in on-line data acquisition and oscilloscopic display by computer are contrasted with conventional oscillographic recording of MID data. 391Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. 1973.13:391-407. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by New York University -Bobst Library on 05/27/15. For personal use only.Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-accelerating voltage alternator system for the measurement of stable isotope ratios in organic molecules

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

Use of stable isotopes in pharmacology‐clinical pharmacology

Use of stable isotopes in pharmacology‐clinical pharmacology

Stable isotopes in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics

Application of New Analytical Techniques to Pharmacology

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