Gas chromatographic determination of calcium stearate in polyethylene food packaging sheets

Tan, Shigeru; Tanaka, Takashi; Okada, Toshiya

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(88)90021-0

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…By now a very little articles published in the determination of calcium stearate in different matrices, especially in polymers. The only article published in this field is reported by Tan et al15 According to that report, polyethylene sheets were cut into narrow strips and 5 g of them extracted in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus with chloroform for 4 h. The chloroform extract was discarded and the samples were transferred to a round‐bottom flask and refluxed with chloroform‐HCl mixture for 4 h. The extract was cooled and the chloroform layer evaporated to dryness at 35°C and the residue was esterified. Finally, gas chromatography was used for determination of analyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate determination of calcium stearate by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method in polymer

Farajzadeh

Ravandi

Ranji

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, an atomic absorption spectrophotometric method is presented for the determination of calcium stearate in polymer samples after their pyrolysis. Samples of polymers were burned in an electrical furnace at 5008C. After thermal degradation of polymeric matrix, 1M HCl solution was added to dissolve the residue. Then the absorbance of solution was measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer at calcium atomic line. This method has an extent linear dynamic range (0.4-50 mg/L) with a limit of detection (LOD) 0.1 mg/L in solution. LOD of the proposed method in polymer sample using 0.5 g sample size is 15 ppm as calcium stearate. Some effective parameters such as time and temperature of pyrolysis and concentration of hydrochloric acid were studied. Finally, this method was successfully applied for the determination of calcium stearate content of standard and real polymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate determination of calcium stearate by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method in polymer

Farajzadeh

Ravandi

Ranji

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The quantification of additives in polymers is important in forensic investigations, scientific research and quality control. Currently, a range of additives is being used for protection during processing, increasing the lifetime and improving the performance of products.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determination of Calcium Stearate in Polyolefin Samples by Gas Chromatographic Technique after Performing dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

2008

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The extraction and subsequent separation and quantification of polymer additives in polyolefins have proven to be a challenge for analytical chemists. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The quantification of additives in polymers is important in forensic investigations, scientific research and quality control. Currently, a range of additives is being used for protection during processing, increasing the lifetime and improving the performance of products. Although high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a very good method for the separation of complex additives, there are some difficulties in the identification of some components. [8][9][10][11] Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is very beneficial for separating and identifying some additives, but when dealing with antioxidants and stabilizers it is not feasible in many cases, owing to their decomposition or lack of volatility. Only a few papers have been published concerning determination of some additives. Pyrolysis-GC, which needs to special instrument, is a common technique for this purpose. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] So far, calcium stearate, which is added to polyolefins as a lubricant, was not directly determined by chromatographic techniques. It has a limited solubility in organic solvents, especially in those solvents that are used as a mobile phase or a modifier in liquid chromatography. On the other hand, calcium stearate cannot be determined by a gas-chromatographic technique due to its low volatility. In this study a gas chromatographic technique was presented for the determination of calcium stearate in polyolefin samples after its conversion to stearic acid.A recently presented extraction technique, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), [19][20][21] was used to preconcentrate the analyte before its injection to GC. In this method, a solvent with a density higher than that of water at the range of microliter is used as an extracting solvent. Another solvent, such as methanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran or acetone which is miscible with both aqueous and organic solvents is added as a dispersive agent to disperse the extracting solvent into the aqueous phase. DLLME is a rapid and efficient extraction technique. It uses an extraction solvent at the mL level. In DLLME, a higher enrichment factor is achievable compared with ordinary liquid-liquid extraction techniques. experimental ApparatusA gas chromatograph STG Model GC 101B (Teif Gostar Co., Tehran, Iran), equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID), was used. The injection port system was a spilt/splitless injector. The characteristics of the capillary column and the GC conditions used in this analysis were as follows: column, Optima-1 (1.5 m ¥ 0.25 mm i.d.); thickness of stationary phase, 0.1 mm (Macherery Nagel, Germany); average linear velocity of nitrogen as carrier gas, 30 cm s -1 ; flow-rate of nitrogen as make up gas, 35 mL min -1 ; flow-rate of air and hydrogen for FID flame, 300 and 35 mL min -1 , respectively; temperature of the injection port, 200˚...

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Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) Optimization by Full-Factorial Design for the Determination of Irganox 1076, Irgafos 168, and Chimassorb 81 in Virgin and Recycled Polyolefins

Salafranca

Cacho

Nerı́n

1999

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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The performance and feasibility of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) applied to the extraction of some antioxidants (Irganox 1076, Irgafos 168) and one UV‐stabilizer (Chimassorb 81) from both virgin and recycled low density polyethylene (LDPE), and virgin high density polyethylene (HDPE) are studied. Due to the high number of variables a full‐factorial design has been applied to minimize the number of experiments required to reach the optimum extraction conditions. Further analysis has been carried out off‐line by reversed‐phase HPLC. Modification of the physical properties of the polymeric matrix and increased number of recycling cycles as well as the influence of physical properties on the efficiency of SFE are also discussed.

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Gas chromatographic determination of calcium stearate in polyethylene food packaging sheets

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Accurate determination of calcium stearate by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method in polymer

Accurate determination of calcium stearate by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method in polymer

Determination of Calcium Stearate in Polyolefin Samples by Gas Chromatographic Technique after Performing dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) Optimization by Full-Factorial Design for the Determination of Irganox 1076, Irgafos 168, and Chimassorb 81 in Virgin and Recycled Polyolefins

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