Gas Chromatographic Determination of Trace Amounts of the Lower Fatty Acids in Water

Emery, Edward M.; Koerner, W. E.

doi:10.1021/ac60169a048

Cited by 64 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The difficulty of using aqueous solutions was the "ghosting" or "repeater" effect. This phenomenon was cited by Emery and Koerner (1961) and Erwin et al (1961). The term refers to the adsorption of small quantities of fatty acids when aqueous solutions of these acids are injected into the column.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Rapid method for the gas-chromatographic determination of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid

Cottyn¹,

Boucqué²

1968

J. Agric. Food Chem.

343

138

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A rapid method for the gas-chromatographic determination of volatile fatty acids (VFA, C2 to C5) in rumen fluid with the aid of flame ionization detection is based on the direct analysis of the rumen fluid without previous extraction. After filtration of the rumen fluid, metaphosphoric acid is added to precipitate proteins, and formic acid (5 %) is used to eliminate the disturbing "ghosting" effect. The clear supernatant obtained after centrifugation is injected directly into the column. The analysis of one rumen sample requires about 8 minutes. For the quantitative determination, a nonautomatic integrator is used. The individual VFA are calculated by comparing with a standard. The recovery and precision of the gas-chromatographic techniques are discussed.The energy requirements of ruminants are mainly covered by absorption through the rumen wall of the short-chain fatty acids. The molecular proportion of the different VFA is closely related to energy utilization and the animal's production. For nutritionists, a rapid and accurate method for fatty acid analysis in rumen fluid is therefore of great importance. In recent years, gas chromatography has appeared to be the most suitable technique.James and Martin (1952) perfected the first gas-chromatographic separation of both straight-and branchedchain lower fatty acids. Because of their volatility, the lower fatty acids were analyzed as esters, and later the acids themselves were determined directly.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The first gas-chromatographic analysis of very dilute aqueous fatty acid solutions was reported by Emery and Koerner (1961) and was further developed for blood and rumen fluid analysis by Erwin et al (1961).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid method for the gas-chromatographic determination of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid

Cottyn¹,

Boucqué²

1968

J. Agric. Food Chem.

343

138

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“…Small The solid circles identify the curve for Feb. 13,1963; the open circles, the curves for Mar. 15, 1963; and the solid triangles, the curve for Apr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Determination of Organic Constituents of Natural Waters by Flame Ionization Gas Chromatography

Weiss¹,

Johnson²,

Kwon³

1963

Journal AWWA

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This article discusses a series of studies on University Lake, a 500‐milgal impoundment supplying water to the town of Chapel Hill, which demonstrate that the development and production of certain taste‐ and odor‐causing constituents at specific lake levels are associated with various stages of the seasonal chemical and biologic cycles. The strength and localization of the various taste‐ and odor‐causing fractions made it possible to identify the fractions qualitatively by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. In conjunction with the routine sampling program, which follows the seasonal changes in biologic and chemical parameters, water samples for gas chromatography were pumped from twelve depths at 2‐ft intervals except for the first and last 4‐ft sections. Small glass‐stoppered bottles were filled completely and refrigerated at 2°‐4°C until used. The chromatographing was carried out within 24 hrs. and no later than 48 hrs. after collection.

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“…The residue was dissolved in 0-1 ml. of n HC1, cooled to 0 °C, and the solution immediately in jected into the gas chromatograph operated as for the measurement of ethanol, except th at the Tween 80 column was heated to 110 °C (Emery & Koerner 1961).…”

Section: (Hi) Determination Of Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The alcoholic fermentation of glucose by Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala), in vitro

Ward

Crompton

1969

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

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Adult Moniliformis dubius , obtained from freshly killed rats, were incubated in Tyrode’s saline containing known amounts of D-[U- 14 C]glucose under nitrogen or air. The worms appeared to remain in a healthy condition throughout the incubations which lasted for as long as 2.5 h. Nearly all the radioactivity was recovered either within the worms or in the incubation vessel in the form of CO 2 , excretory products and unmetabolized glucose. For incubations in nitrogen of 2.5 h, about 95% of the original glucose was utilized and about 60 % of this was excreted into solution or as CO 2 . Under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, most of the carbohydrate catabolized was recovered as ethanol and CO 2 , the end products of alcoholic fermentation. Small amounts were catabolized to lactate, succinate, acetate and butyrate. During the anaerobic incubations for 2.5 h, nearly half the added glucose utilized by the worms was converted to ethanol and CO 2 and about one ethanol molecule in four was derived from this glucose. The radioactivity recovered as ethanol was twice that recovered as CO 2 . About 97 % of the radioactivity excreted into solution was present as ethanol and lactate in the ratio of approximately 6 molecules of ethanol to one of lactate. The remaining radioactivity was associated with succinate, acetate and butyrate. These results are compared with those obtained by other workers on M. dubius and other acanthocephalan worms. An important function for the excreted ethanol is postulated and the effect of this demonstration of alcoholic fermentation on contemporary concepts on the carbohydrate metabolism of intestinal helminths is discussed.

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Gas Chromatographic Determination of Trace Amounts of the Lower Fatty Acids in Water

Cited by 64 publications

References 2 publications

Rapid method for the gas-chromatographic determination of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid

Rapid method for the gas-chromatographic determination of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid

Direct Determination of Organic Constituents of Natural Waters by Flame Ionization Gas Chromatography

The alcoholic fermentation of glucose by Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala), in vitro

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