Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric investigation of metabolites from the needles and roots of pine seedlings at early stages of pathogenic fungi Armillaria ostoyae attack

Abstract

An investigation was carried out of the composition of metabolites in pine seedlings tissues at the initial stages of the infectious process caused by pathogenic fungi Armillaria ostoyae, which causes a root rot of trees and degradation of forest resources. With the help of successive extraction with organic solvents of different polarity, more than 190 metabolites were extracted from the needles and roots of the seedlings and then identified by GC-MS method. The composition of the extracts from control plants and those inoculated with Armillaria ostoyae were compared. It was established that part of secondary metabolites (glucosamines and free amino acids, carbohydrates raffinose and trehalose) were present only in the tissues of inoculated plants. Possible roles of some of these compounds appearing in the roots of seedlings infected with the fungus are also discussed in the paper.

Comparative metabolomics implicates threitol as a fungal signal supporting colonization of Armillaria luteobubalina on eucalypt roots

“…Armillaria root rot is not only a widespread eucalypt tree disease endemic to Australia, but also a promiscuous root disease infecting numerous species of forest trees and crops worldwide (Baumgartner, Coetzee, & Hoffmeister, ). The Armillaria enzymatic activities contributing to its pathogenicity, as well as the plant metabolite responses towards Armillaria post‐infection have previously been reported (Isidorov et al, ; Ross‐Davis et al, ). However, our understanding on the “in plantae” molecular pathways initiating the Armillaria‐ plant interaction is still being developed and knowledge of specific metabolite profiles characteristic of A. luteobubalina pathogenicity are needed.…”

“…Armillaria enzymatic activities contributing to its pathogenicity, as well as the plant metabolite responses towards Armillaria post-infection have previously been reported (Isidorov et al, 2008;Ross-Davis et al, 2013). However, our understanding on the "in plantae" molecu- (Fernandez, Béthencourt, Quero, Sangwan, & Clément, 2010;Patel & Williamson, 2016).…”

“…Using gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS), metabolite biomarkers have been identified for plant diseases such as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Sade et al, 2014), Ganoderma disease in oil palm (Nusaibah, Siti Nor Akmar, Idris, Sariah, & Mohamad, 2016), and Fusarium infection in maize (Sherif et al, 2016). For Armillaria disease, pine seedlings infected with Armillaria ostoyae exhibited distinct levels of certain metabolites 9-month post-inoculation despite there being no visible symptoms (Isidorov, Lech, Żółciak, Rusak, & Szczepaniak, 2008). To further expand our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating Armillaria pathogenicity and to advance the detection strategy of Armillaria root rot, we need to improve our understanding of the host metabolite responses, and their underlying roles, during the early stages of the interaction.…”

Metabolomics of sorghum roots during nitrogen stress reveals compromised metabolic capacity for salicylic acid biosynthesis

“…Enhanced storage of carbohydrates in roots versus leaves could explain the observed increase in trehalose and sucrose in roots with low N relative to full N. However, trehalose accumulation has been associated with both biotic and abiotic plant stress response (Fernandez, Béthencourt, Quero, Sangwan, & Clément, 2010). Accumulation of trehalose in roots was observed in Arabidopsis thaliana infected with Plasmodiophora brassicae (Brodmann et al, 2002) and in Pinus sylvestris (pine) infected with Armillaria ostoyae (Isidorov, Lech, Żółciak, Rusak, & Szczepaniak, 2008). Therefore, it is possible that trehalose accumulation in roots of N stressed sorghum resulted from the F I G U R E 3 OTU 0 (Pseudomonas) dominated the rhizosphere under both high and low N conditions, but was significantly more abundant under low N conditions (p < 0.05, ANOVA).…”

Chemical constituents and antimicrobial properties of <i>Phyllanthus amarus</i> (Schum & Thonn)

“…Alpha-Tocopherol is known to play lipophilic antioxidant role in plants. It has been isolated from series of plants including corn, olive, soyabean, sunflower, grape seeds and seedlings of pine (Isidorov et al, 2008;Swiglo et al, 2007). Bufalin (18.71%) which was the most prominent compound in the methanol extract is also a steroidal triterpenoid.…”