Gas chromatography—mass spectrometry determination of triclosans in water, sediment and fish samples via methylation with diazomethane

Okumura, Tameo; Nishikawa, Yoshinori

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(96)00027-x

Cited by 108 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although there is evidence that TCS is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions in the water column [6], TCS is still regarded as one of the top 10 of persistent contaminants in U.S. rivers, streams, lakes, and underground aquifers due to its continuous replenishment and its accumulation within the sediments [7,8]. Increasing TCS concentrations have been reported world-wide from many countries for rivers, lakes and streams, being currently in the range of 18 ng/L -2.7 mg/L in the water column [1,4,7,9] while 0.27 to 130.7 mg/kg TCS have been determined in sediments [10,11].…”

Section: Triclosan -A Recent Chemical In Aquatic Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The RNA Processing Enzyme Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Negatively Controls Biofi lm Formation by Repressing Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine (PNAG) Production in Escherichia coli C

Sayen¹

2014

Biofilm Control and Antimicrobial Agents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The accumulation of the widely-used antibacterial and antifungal compound triclosan (TCS) in freshwaters raises concerns about the impact of this harmful chemical on the biofilms that are the dominant life style of microorganisms in aquatic systems. However, investigations to-date rarely go beyond effects at the cellular, physiological or morphological level. The present paper focuses on bacterial biofilms addressing the possible chemical impairment of their functionality, while also examining their substratum stabilization potential as one example of an important ecosystem service. The development of a bacterial assemblage of natural composition -isolated from sediments of the Eden Estuary (Scotland, UK) -on non-cohesive glass beads (,63 mm) and exposed to a range of triclosan concentrations (control, 2 -100 mg L 21 ) was monitored over time by Magnetic Particle Induction (MagPI). In parallel, bacterial cell numbers, division rate, community composition (DGGE) and EPS (extracellular polymeric substances: carbohydrates and proteins) secretion were determined. While the triclosan exposure did not prevent bacterial settlement, biofilm development was increasingly inhibited by increasing TCS levels. The surface binding capacity (MagPI) of the assemblages was positively correlated to the microbial secreted EPS matrix. The EPS concentrations and composition (quantity and quality) were closely linked to bacterial growth, which was affected by enhanced TCS exposure. Furthermore, TCS induced significant changes in bacterial community composition as well as a significant decrease in bacterial diversity. The impairment of the stabilization potential of bacterial biofilm under even low, environmentally relevant TCS levels is of concern since the resistance of sediments to erosive forces has large implications for the dynamics of sediments and associated pollutant dispersal. In addition, the surface adhesive capacity of the biofilm acts as a sensitive measure of ecosystem effects.

show abstract

Section: Triclosan -A Recent Chemical In Aquatic Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The RNA Processing Enzyme Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Negatively Controls Biofi lm Formation by Repressing Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine (PNAG) Production in Escherichia coli C

Sayen¹

2014

Biofilm Control and Antimicrobial Agents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been hypothesized that the presence of these toxic chemical compounds is derived from its synthesis [12] and also by intermolecular photochemical substitution reaction [13,14]. However, there is a controversy about the reliability of this fact and the real influence in water and wastewater environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of 2,7/2,8-dibenzodichloro-p-dioxin as a photodegradation product of triclosan in water and wastewater samples

Mezcúa

Gómez

Ferrer

et al. 2004

Analytica Chimica Acta

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A photodegradation study of triclosan, a commonly used antimicrobial agent, was carried out in order to investigate the formation of dibenzodichlorodioxin as a by-product of photodegradation in various environmental matrices and under different conditions. Deionized water and wastewater samples, spiked at 8 g/mL with triclosan, were irradiated with natural sunlight. Aliquots of the spiked water samples were taken at different times of irradiation and compounds were isolated from the water samples by solid-phase extraction. Separation and detection of the compounds and degradation products was accomplished by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A major photolysis degradation product of triclosan, 2,7/2,8-dibenzodichloro-p-dioxin, was identified in wastewater samples. The photolysis experiment showed the simultaneous disappearance of triclosan and the appearance of the dioxin dependent on the pH and the organic matter content. Furthermore, a pilot survey monitoring for influent and effluent waters from a wastewater treatment plant was carried out. The presence of triclosan in all wastewater samples analyzed was revealed and dioxin was found in 80% of the cases, in influents and effluents, thus indicating its input and persistence through the wastewater treatment process. This represents a major finding since dioxins are more toxic than triclosan. Moreover, the presence of such compounds in wastewaters revealed the immediate need to improve the "classical" water treatment techniques, as well as considering limitation in water re-use.

show abstract

“…Another compound found in personal care products is triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) -phenol) molecule with bactericides and antimicrobial properties (OKUMURA;NISHIKAWA, 1996;SCHWEIZER, 2001;MCAVOY et al, 2002;SINGER et al, 2002;CANOSA et al, 2006;CHAU;CAI, 2008). Triclosan is also known as its endocrine interference properties (ROUTLEDGE et al, 1998;BYFORD et al, 2002;SONI;CARABIN;BURDOCK, 2005;BOBERG et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triclosan has been found in aquatic environments in different parts of the world (BENIJTS; LAMBERT; LEENHEER, 2004;PAULL, 2005;KASPRZYK-HORDERN;DINSDALE;GUWY, 2009;VILLAVERDE-DE-SÁA et al, 2010), in wastewater, seawater, soil, and sediments (LOPEZ-AVILA; HITES, 1980;OKUMURA;NISHIKAWA, 1996;LINDSTROM et al, 2002;MCAVOY et al, 2002;SINGER et al, 2002;CHAU;CAI, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and risk assessment of parabens and triclosan in surface waters of southern Brazil: a problem of emerging compounds in an emerging country

Santos

Brehm

Filippe

et al. 2016

RBRH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parabens and triclosan compounds are widely used in pharmaceutical products, personal care, food and various products of daily use. After use, the final destinations of these contaminants are domestic effluents and the environment if not collected or treated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of parabens and triclosan in environments in a subtropical region, more specifically in the metropolitan region of Curitiba (southern Brazil) and possible effects of these compounds in aquatic environments through risk assessment through the use of risk quotient (RQ). Samples were collected in 20 points for 4 campaigns. For the extraction of the compounds we used the extraction technique of solid phase extraction (SPE). The determination of the compounds was using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was observed high concentrations of parabens, especially MeP (up to 2875 ng L -1). Despite high concentrations of parabens, their presence has a low risk to aquatic organisms. Triclosan has been observed at higher concentrations (415 ng L -1 ), suggesting once again that these environments are impacted by human action. The RQ assessed that triclosan has a high risk for certain groups of organisms.Keywords: Emerging pollutants; Risk assessment; Triclosan; Parabens; Domestic sewage. RESUMOParabenos e triclosan são usados amplamente na composição de produtos farmacêuticos, cuidado pessoal, alimentos e diversos produtos de uso cotidiano. Após seu uso, o destino final destes contaminantes são os efluentes domésticos e o meio ambiente, caso não seja coletado ou tratado. A presença destes poluentes emergentes podem apresentar efeitos adversos ao meio ambiente. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de parabenos e triclosan em ambientes de uma região subtropical, mais especificamente na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (sul do Brasil) e avaliar possíveis efeitos desses compostos em ambientes aquáticos, através da avaliação de risco através do quociente de risco (QR). Foram coletadas amostras em 20 pontos em rios da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, durante quatro campanhas. Para a extração dos compostos, foi utilizada a técnica de extração em fase sólida (SPE), com determinação por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). Foram observadas elevadas concentrações de parabenos, especialmente MeP (máximo de 2875 ng L -1 ). Apesar das concentrações elevadas de parabenos a presença dos mesmos apresentou baixo risco para os organismos aquáticos. Quanto ao triclosan, observaram-se também elevadas concentrações (415 ng L -1 ), sugerindo mais uma vez que esses ambientes encontram-se impactados pela ação humana. O valor de QR permitiu avaliar que o triclosan apresentou um elevado risco para certos grupos de organismos.

show abstract

Gas chromatography—mass spectrometry determination of triclosans in water, sediment and fish samples via methylation with diazomethane

Cited by 108 publications

References 6 publications

The RNA Processing Enzyme Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Negatively Controls Biofi lm Formation by Repressing Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine (PNAG) Production in Escherichia coli C

The RNA Processing Enzyme Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Negatively Controls Biofi lm Formation by Repressing Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine (PNAG) Production in Escherichia coli C

Evidence of 2,7/2,8-dibenzodichloro-p-dioxin as a photodegradation product of triclosan in water and wastewater samples

Occurrence and risk assessment of parabens and triclosan in surface waters of southern Brazil: a problem of emerging compounds in an emerging country

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About