Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identification of organic volatiles contributing to rendering odors

Langenhove, Herman R. Van; Wassenhove, Fredy A. Van; Coppin, Jos K.; Acker, Marc R. Van; Schamp, N.

doi:10.1021/es00106a012

Cited by 48 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…7,11,12 Compounds not observed in our work but reported by others include the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and aldehydes 7,11 and volatile fatty acids. 11 Methods have been developed for detecting the higher-molecular-weight compounds, heptane and benzaldehyde, but these compounds were not routinely detected during sampling. Detection of some higher-molecularweight compounds, as well as volatile fatty acids (i.e., decane, dodecane, octanal, tridecane, and tetradecane) may not have been possible at the low column temperatures used in our experimental protocols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…3,11 The major compounds identified in this study, methanethiol, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, heptanal, propanal, isobutanal, dimethyl disulfide, and octane, have previously been reported but rarely quantified. 7,11,12 Compounds not observed in our work but reported by others include the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and aldehydes 7,11 and volatile fatty acids. 11 Methods have been developed for detecting the higher-molecular-weight compounds, heptane and benzaldehyde, but these compounds were not routinely detected during sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Toluene and benzene have previously been identified in rendering emissions, and benzene has been attributed to ambient air. 7,11 In our case, room air was analyzed for VOCs via GC/MS, and none could be detected. Toluene and 2-heptanone were not consistently identified in plant B and never appeared in plant A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Wet Scrubber Analysis of Volatile Organic Compound Removal in the Rendering Industry

Kastner

Das

2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The promulgation of odor control rules, increasing public concerns, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) air regulations in nonattainment zones necessitates the remediation of a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by the rendering industry. Currently, wet scrubbers with oxidizing chemicals are used to treat VOCs; however, little information is available on scrubber efficiency for many of the VOCs generated within the rendering process. Portable gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) units were used to rapidly identify key VOCs on-site in process streams at two poultry byproduct rendering plants. On-site analysis was found to be important, given the significant reduction in peak areas if samples were held for 24 hr before analysis. Major compounds consistently identified in the emissions from the plant included dimethyl disulfide, methanethiol, octane, hexanal, 2-methylbutanal, and 3-methylbutanal. The two branched aldehydes, 2-methylbutanal and 3-methylbutanal, were by far the most consistent, appearing in every sample and typically the largest fraction of the VOC mixture.A chlorinated hydrocarbon, methanesulfonyl chloride, was identified in the outlet of a high-intensity wet scrubber, and several VOCs and chlorinated compounds were identified in the scrubbing solution, but not on a consistent basis. Total VOC concentrations in noncondensable gas streams ranged from 4 to 91 ppmv. At the two plants, the odor-causing compound methanethiol ranged from 25 to 33% and 9.6% of the total VOCs (v/v). In one plant, wet scrubber analysis using chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) as the oxidizing agent indicated that close to 100% of the methanethiol was removed from the gas phase, but removal efficiencies ranged from 20 to 80% for the aldehydes and hydrocarbons and from 23 to 64% for total VOCs. In the second plant, conversion efficiencies were much lower in a packed-bed wet scrubber, with a measurable removal of only dimethyl sulfide (20-100%). INTRODUCTIONPoultry rendering operations convert organic wastes (feathers, offal, dead birds, blood, hatchery byproducts, etc.) to products such as feed additives and fertilizer. In poultry rendering operations, feathers are typically hydrolyzed in batch mode at 140-150 ºC (276-345 kPa) for 20-45 min to breakdown the keratin, 1 and the meat byproducts or offal are typically treated at 121-135 ºC (172-517 psig) with varying residence times depending on the mode of operation, batch or continuous. 2,3 In some cases, the hydrolyzed feathers are then combined with offal and dried. In both of these steps, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are generated, some of which are odorous. Overhead vapors from the feather hydrolyzer and driers are passed through condensers to remove some VOCs. The noncondensable gases typically are passed through wet scrubber units to remove the VOC fraction not removed in the condensers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Wet Scrubber Analysis of Volatile Organic Compound Removal in the Rendering Industry

Kastner

Das

2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…These are popularly associated with the unpleasant odours generated during the cooking process in rendering plants. They are largely attributable to the presence of VOSCs (volatile organic sulfidic compounds), amines, acids, alcohols and aldehydes (Chélu and Nominé, 1984;Prokop and Bohn, 1985;van Langenhove, 1982). Average concentrations of 39 mg S m -3 H 2 S (peak concentrations up to 1040 mg S m -3 ) and 39 µg S m -3 MeSH (peak concentrations up to 260 mg S m -3 ) with ranges 5.2-15.6 mg S m -3 for DMDS and 0.78-7.8 mg S m -3 for DMTS,…”

Section: Food Processing and Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic contributions to global carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide and organosulfides fluxes

Lee

Brimblecombe

2016

Earth-Science Reviews

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Previous studies of the global sulfur cycle have focused almost exclusively on oxidized species and just a few sulfides. This focus is expanded here to include a wider range of reduced sulfur compounds. Inorganic sulfides tend to be bound into sediments, and sulfates are present both in sediments and the oceans. Sulfur can adopt polymeric forms that include S-S bonds. This review examines the global anthropogenic sources of reduced sulfur, updating emission inventories and widening the consideration of industrial sources. It estimates the anthropogenic fluxes of key sulfides to the atmosphere (units Gg S

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“…Van Langenhove et al (1982) reported that 110 volatile compounds can be identified in rendering odours, but of those, only 26 contribute most notably to malodorous rendering plant emissions. Those 26 offensive agents include 10 different aldehydes, eight different carboxylic acids, five different sulphur-containing compounds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Degradation of animal malodour

Janoško¹,

Čery²

2015

Res. Agric. Eng.

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Janoško I., Čery M. (2015): Degradation of animal malodour. Res. Agr. Eng., 61 (Special Issue): S60-S66.Animal waste represents a significant threat to the environment. Degradation of waste from dead animals is in general carried out in specialized facilities (rendering plants) under specific rules and guidelines. In plant proximity, undesirable malodour is usually produced during the combustion process. This odour can be effectively reduced so that it does not negatively affect the environment and society. Degradation of animal waste malodour can be processed in ozonisers, thermal combustion devices or in bio washers. The purpose of this paper is to determine the limits of exhausts that are produced during direct combustion of animal waste malodour. The level of ammonia in the combustion air is dependent on the quality of raw material processed at rendering plants where the measurements were carried out. In order to reduce the economic costs, the use of alternative fuels (animal fat, heavy fuel oil) is recommended.

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Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identification of organic volatiles contributing to rendering odors

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Wet Scrubber Analysis of Volatile Organic Compound Removal in the Rendering Industry

Wet Scrubber Analysis of Volatile Organic Compound Removal in the Rendering Industry

Anthropogenic contributions to global carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide and organosulfides fluxes

Degradation of animal malodour

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