Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of carbonyl compounds in cigarette mainstream smoke after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

Glutathione-S-transferase P protects against endothelial dysfunction induced by exposure to tobacco smoke

“…Several reports have estimated that between 100 and 600 g of acrolein are generated per cigarette (50 -70 ppm) and that acrolein constitutes 50 -60% of total vaporphase electrophiles (15,18,39). Because most of acrolein is generated during smoldering, its concentration in sidestream smoke is 10-to 12-fold higher than in mainstream smoke (18).…”

“…Tobacco smoke was generated from Kentucky 2R4F reference cigarettes (Tobacco Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY), which have a declared content of 2.45 mg nicotine each, with a 23-mm butt remaining after smoking. These cigarettes have a higher total content of acrolein and crotonaldehyde than 1R4F cigarettes (15). Cigarettes were kept in standardized atmosphere humidified with 70% glycerol and 30% water for 48 h before use.…”

Crotonaldehyde induces apoptosis in alveolar macrophages through intracellular calcium, mitochondria and p53 signaling pathways

“…erated mainstream cigarette smoke was found to contain about 15-20 μg/cigarette when smoked according to International Standard Organization (ISO) standards, a level that is approximately 2,300-fold and 140-fold higher than benzo [a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK), respectively (Dong and Moldoveanu, 2004;Smith and Hansch, 2000).…”

Analysis of Selected Carbonyl Compounds in Tobacco Samples by Using Pentafluorobenzylhydroxylamine Derivatization and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

“…Currently, the U.S. FDA requires the determination of the yields of these carbonyl compounds in mainstream tobacco smoke, but it could be expected that for some carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, their yields in processed tobacco products such as smokeless tobacco will also be required in the future. For the determination of carbonyl compounds in tobacco smoke, several methods have been published (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). For example, carbonyl compounds in mainstream tobacco smoke can be determined by Health Canada Method T-104 (4) or CORESTA Recommended Method CRM74 (5) using derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection or by DNPH derivatization with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (6) or ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) (7).…”

“…Acrolein was included in the initial study but was found unstable in all tested tobacco samples, and was then excluded from further study. The method was based on derivatization with o- (2,3,4,5,6pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine (PFBHA) in the aqueous tobacco extracts ( Figure 1) followed by extraction with hexane from liquid and GC-MS analysis. Even though there are no applications of PFBHA derivatization for the analysis of carbonyls in tobacco smoke or tobacco products, this method has been widely used for the determination of trace level carbonyls in environmental samples (11)(12)(13), food samples (14-16), and body fluids (17).…”