Gas independence of Miscanthus × giganteus torrefied in nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) using calibrated thermogravimetric analysis

A Comparative Study of Oil Palm Fronds Torrefaction Under Flue Gas and Nitrogen Atmospheres

“…Table 2) compared to inert atmosphere would be the cause of these flue gas torrefaction characteristics? There exist a few studies on the effect of pure CO 2 atmosphere torrefaction compared to pure N 2 atmosphere torrefaction, with mixed conclusions (Eseltine et al, 2013;Howell et al, 2019;Li et al, 2018;Thanapal et al, 2014). Eseltine et al (2013) and Thanapal et al (2014) compared the torrefaction of two different woody biomasses (Mesquite and Juniper) under pure N 2 and pure CO 2 atmospheres using TGA.…”

“…This may point to the possibility that the CO 2 effect on torrefaction maybe feed dependent. More recently, Howell et al (2019) reported Miscanthus torrefaction in pure N 2 and pure CO 2 using gas specific TGA calibration. They found mass yield to be independent of torrefaction atmosphere, and so is the heating value obtained from batch torrefied samples.…”