Gas jet disruption mitigation studies on Alcator C-Mod and DIII-D

Granetz, R.; Hollmann, E. M.; Whyte, D.G.; Izzo, V.A.; Antar, G.; Bader, A.; Bakhtiari, M.; Biewer, T. M.; Boedo, J.A.; Evans, T.E.; Hutchinson, I. H.; Jernigan, T. C.; Gray, D.S.; Groth, M.; Humphreys, D.A.; Lasnier, C.J.; Moyer, R. A.; Parks, P.B.; Reinke, M.L.; Rudakov, D.L.; Strait, E.J.; Terry, J. L.; Wesley, J.C.; West, W.P.; Wurden, G. A.; Yu, J. H.

doi:10.1088/0029-5515/47/9/003

Cited by 76 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, it has to be clearly stated, that this amount is needed for runaway suppression. The mitigation of forces is already observed for much smaller gas amounts [4,25,26].…”

Section: Massive Gas Injectionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Thus, a mitigation technique has to provide a reliable suppression of this avalanche mechanism. Presently, massive gas injection is discussed as a technique to mitigate forces and heat loads and also to suppress runaway generation [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]15]. However, the latter aim might have severe implications which are not easily overcome.…”

Section: Runaway Dynamics and Wall Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Runaway generation during disruptions in JET and TEXTOR

Lehnen¹,

Abdullaev²,

Arnoux

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Runaway electrons generated during ITER disruptions are of concern for the integrity of the plasma facing components. It is expected that a power of up to 8 GW is exposed to ITER PFCs. We present in this article observations from JET and TEXTOR on the generation of runaways and the heat load deposition. Suppression techniques like massive gas injection and resonant magnetic perturbations are discussed.

show abstract

“…However, it has to be clearly stated, that this amount is needed for runaway suppression. The mitigation of forces is already observed for much smaller gas amounts [4,25,26].…”

Section: Massive Gas Injectionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Runaway Dynamics and Wall Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Runaway generation during disruptions in JET and TEXTOR

Lehnen¹,

Abdullaev²,

Arnoux

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In some cases, that structure has been observed to rotation toroidally [28]. Given these results, it is important to note that the reduction in halo currents with "Massive Gas Injection" (MGI) [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] has been documented in ALCATOR C-Mod [53], DIII-D [51], JET [58], and ASDEX-Upgrade [56].…”

Section: : Introduction and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of disruption halo currents in the National Spherical Torus Experiment

Gerhardt¹,

Ménard²,

Sabbagh³

et al. 2012

Nucl. Fusion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper describes the general characteristics of disruptions halo currents in the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono, et al. Nuclear Fusion 40, 557 (2000)].The commonly observed types of vertical motion and resulting halo current patterns are described, and it is shown that plasma discharges developing between components can facilitate halo current flow. The halo current fractions and toroidal peaking factors at various locations in the device are presented. The maximum product of these two metrics for localized halo current measurements is always significantly less than the worst-case expectations from conventional aspect ratio tokamaks (which are typically written in terms of the total halo current). The halo current fraction and impulse is often largest in cases with the fastest plasma current quenches and highest quench rates. The effective duration of the halo current pulse is comparable to or shorter than the plasma current quench time. The largest halo currents have tended to occur in lower β and lower elongation plasmas. The sign of the poloidal halo current is reversed when the toroidal field direction is reversed. PACS: 52.55. Ez, 52.55.Tn

show abstract

“…Methods to accomplish these goals typically involve injecting a large quantity of gas or other material into the discharge, in order to uniformly radiate the plasma thermal energy, promote a current quench before the plasma can drift in the chamber, and if possible suppress runaway electron formation. Technologies for injecting this material include massive gas injection (MGI) [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79], shell pellets [80], shattered pellets [80,81], or highpressure rupture disks [82]. Techniques of this variety have proven useful in reducing the localized thermal loading and halo current forces in tokamaks where they have been used.…”

Section: : Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%