Gas Leakage Source Detection for Li-Ion Batteries by Distributed Sensor Array

Abstract

Lithium-based batteries operation is related to some safety risks of dangerous flaming, integrity destruction, or even explosion. Gas leakage is an early and reliable indicator for such irreversible malfunctioning of electrical accumulators. Often, accurate gas emission source location sensing is difficult especially in heavy operational conditions, related to temperature changes, vibrations, movements, accelerations, etc. In this paper we propose a gas detection system, with catalytic type sensor array, and a numerical reconstruction method for precise gas emission source location inside the battery pack. The detection system employs a distributed array of CO sensors. Proposed sensor array configurations significantly reduce the number of sensing nodes inside the battery pack and fewer sensors than the protected battery elements are used. This way, data acquisition process by sensor nodes is also simplified. Several array configurations are considered according to their measurement efficiency and accuracy. Reconstruction algorithm is based on fast interpolation technique very suitable for real-time data processing. Estimation of reconstruction method accuracy is made by computational model of the gas diffusion inside the pack.

Gas Sensing Technology for the Detection and Early Warning of Battery Thermal Runaway: A Review

“…(d) Schematic illustration of the battery management system. Panels c and d reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 The Authors under Creative Commons International Attribution 4.0 License, published by Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.…”

“…Notably, “Thermal resistance”, “Stability”, and “Convenience” are marked red because they are special indicators for a gas sensor to detect the battery thermal runaway. Data from refs , , , , and .…”

“…The overcharging experimental setup with CO 2 sensor and battery pack module and vent channel are shown in Figure 5a,b. Mateev et al 41 used both catalytic and resistive CO 2 sensor arrays to monitor the gas release in 18650 commercial battery packs (Figure 5c). On the basis of the collected data, they proposed a numerical reconstruction method to accurately locate the gas release source in the battery pack and further designed a corresponding battery management system as shown in Figure 5d.…”

A Review of Mechanical and Chemical Sensors for Automotive Li-Ion Battery Systems

“…In the worst cases, batteries cause thermal runaway (at about 700 °C) with VOCs, CO, and CO 2 produced [57,58]. Mateev et al [59] pointed out that the presence of CO is related to an incomplete combustion of the electrolyte and to the initial temperature rising, while the presence CO 2 is associated with intensive oxidative processes. Cell thermal runaway showed that a gas detection method targeting CO 2 concentration reacts faster, if compared to temperature monitoring [60].…”

A Battery Management System with EIS Monitoring of Life Expectancy for Lead–Acid Batteries

“…Sedighfar and Moniri [20] also developed an online method for the estimation of the SOC and the SOH of valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries, which are oriented toward electric vehicle application. According to Marrero et al [21], the integration of sensors and the development and optimization of a battery management system have great importance in the creation of battery systems in order to increase life expectancy or availability, rather than focusing only on Li-ion batteries, as the majority of researchers are doing; see also [22,23].…”