Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of the gaseous products of the two-stage pyrolysis of heavy oils

The catalytic pyrolysis of the Egyptian bitumen for industrial production raw material

“…In the previous papers [1][2][3][4], a two-stage pyrolysis technique using a batch-type reactor was described and was shown to be a promising method for the production of C 1 -C 4 paraffin and C 2 -C 4 olefins from the heavy residues separated from Egyptian crude oil. It has been demonstrated [5] that by adopting a contact time of $1.25 s in the second stage, an ethylene yield of 12-14 wt% can be obtained from tar-sand bitumen and 16 and 27 wt% from Tacking and Iranian heavy vacuum residues, respectively.…”

Nanotechnology Role for the Production of Clean Fuel E-85 and Petrochemical Raw Materials

“…Any processing to convert heavy ends into refined distillates should somewhere include a hydrogen addition step, heteroatom removal step. However, in the two-stage pyrolysis technique, the feed stock can be used without any pretreatment [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], regardless of the type of the feed stock used (contaminants are left as pyrolysis residue at the first stage) and the pyrolyzate as then contains high percentage of ethylene and propylene (≈37 wt. % unsaturated) using the normal catalyst.…”