Gas/particle distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coupled outdoor/indoor atmospheres

Naumova, Yelena; Offenberg, John H.; Eisenreich, Steven J.; Meng, Qingyu; Polidori, Andrea; Turpin, Barbara J.; Weisel, Clifford P.; Morandi, Maria T.; Colome, Steven D.; Stock, Thomas H.; Winer, Arthur M.; Alimokhtari, Shahnaz; Kwon, Jaymin; Maberti, Silvia; Shendell, Derek G.; Jones, Jennifer; Farrar, Corice

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00820-8

Cited by 112 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Reff and co-workers Reff, 2005) reported that RIOPA indoor PM 2.5 samples were enhanced in aliphatic and amide functionalities relative to concurrently collected RIOPA outdoor PM 2.5 samples. Additionally, while investigating the gas-particle partitioning of PAHs, Naumova et al (2003) concluded that one effect of increased indoor carbon concentrations was a shift in the partitioning of PAHs from the gas to the particle phase. These results further highlight the importance of indoor sources of particulate OC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurate measurement of particulate organic PM 2.5 is also hampered by sampling artifacts (Turpin et al, 2000;Suburamanian et al, 2004), which have been extensively studied outdoors but largely ignored indoors. A few indoor organic PM species are relatively well studied (i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs; Dubowsky et al, 1999;Sakai et al, 2002;Naumova et al, 2002Naumova et al, , 2003. However, little is known about organic PM 2.5 concentrations, composition, behavior and sampling artifacts in residential indoor environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air exchange rate, temperature and relative humidity were also measured in each home. PM 2.5 samples or subsets of samples were analyzed for mass (Meng et al, 2005a), functional groups , elements (Meng et al, 2005b), OC and EC, gas and particle phase PAHs (Naumova et al, 2002(Naumova et al, , 2003, and Chlordanes (Offenberg et al, 2004). Gas phase aldehydes (Liu et al, 2006) and volatile organic compounds were also measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine organic particulate matter dominates indoor-generated PM2.5 in RIOPA homes

Polidori

Turpin

Meng

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Residential indoor and outdoor fine particle (PM 2.5 ) organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations (48 h) were measured at 173 homes in Houston, TX, Los Angeles County, CA, and Elizabeth, NJ as part of the Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study. The adsorption of organic vapors on the quartz fiber sampling filter (a positive artifact) was substantial indoors and out, accounting for 36% and 37% of measured OC at the median indoor (8.2 mg C/m 3 ) and outdoor (5.0 mg C/m 3 ) OC concentrations, respectively. Uncorrected, adsorption artifacts would lead to substantial overestimation of particulate OC both indoors and outdoors. After artifact correction, the mean particulate organic matter (OM ¼ 1.4 OC) concentration indoors (9.8 mg/m 3 ) was twice the mean outdoor concentration (4.9 mg/m 3 ). The mean EC concentration was 1.1 mg/m 3 both indoors and outdoors. OM accounted for 29%, 30% and 29% of PM 2.5 mass outdoors and 48%, 55% and 61% of indoor PM 2.5 mass in Los Angeles Co., Elizabeth and Houston study homes, respectively. Indirect evidence provided by species mass balance results suggests that PM 2.5 nitrate (not measured) was largely lost during outdoor-to-indoor transport, as reported by Lunden et al. This results in dramatic changes with outdoor-to-indoor transport in the mass and composition of ambient-generated PM 2.5 at California homes. On average, 71% to 76% of indoor OM was emitted or formed indoors, calculated by (1) Random Component Superposition (RCS) model and (2) non-linear fit of OC and air exchange rate data to the mass balance model. Assuming that all particles penetrate indoors (P ¼ 1) and there is no particle loss indoors (k ¼ 0), a lower bound estimate of 41% of indoor OM was indoor-generated (mean). OM appears to be the predominant species in indoor-generated PM 2.5 , based on species mass balance results. Particulate OM emitted or formed indoors is substantial enough to alter the concentration, composition and behavior of indoor PM 2.5 . One interesting effect of increased indoor OM concentrations is a shift in the gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the gas to the particle phase with outdoor-to-indoor transport.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine organic particulate matter dominates indoor-generated PM2.5 in RIOPA homes

Polidori

Turpin

Meng

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…This process is also facilitated by the adsorption of the gaseous compounds onto the indoor surfaces, which promotes a further movement of particulate semi-volatile molecules to the gaseous phase (Weschler and Nazaroff, 2008). Studies have shown that the new gas-particulate equilibrium for semi-volatile PAHs and ammonium nitrate entering buildings can be rapidly reached (Lunden et al, 2003;Naumova et al, 2003).…”

Section: Infiltration Factor (F Inf )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor airborne particle sources and semi-volatile partitioning effect of outdoor fine PM in offices

Sangiorgi

Ferrero

Ferrini

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Environment

118

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To date, few studies have focused on PM air quality in offices, despite the fact that a lot of people spend\ud many working hours a day in such offices. The aim of the present study is to investigate PM1 and PM2.5\ud in offices in Milan (Northern Italy) and in the air outside those offices. The PM samples were analyzed to\ud determine the entity of certain compounds with possible direct or indirect adverse effects on human\ud health: PAHs, BpA, and water soluble inorganic ions.\ud A good correlation between outdoor and indoor PM mass concentrations emerged (R2 w0.87). The\ud maximum I/O concentration ratiowas 0.92, suggesting that the indoor PM levelwas always lower than the\ud outdoor level. The average infiltration factor, FINF,was 0.55, showing that about a half of the outdoor PMhad\ud come indoors. The indoor-generated particles, Cig, had values ranging from 0 to 4.4 mg m3 (<25% of the\ud indoor PM), showing that PM indoor sources had only made a limited contribution to total indoor PM.\ud The results of the indoor-to-outdoor comparisons for the aforementioned chemical compounds\ud demonstrate that the offices were characterized by the absence of effective indoor sources of particulatebound\ud PAHs and inorganic ions, whereas Cig was around 58% of the indoor concentration for BpA. Our\ud analysis of the FINF data pointed to the presence of a volatilization effect from PM for semi-volatile\ud compounds like ammonium nitrate and 4- or 5-ring PAHs, which affected the measurement of their\ud FINF. We propose the introduction of a new and simple parameter, called volatilization correction, to take\ud account of this effect

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“…47 This has been demonstrated for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 48 Accounting for phase changes of ambient organics with outdoorto-indoor transport to further refine ambient PM 2.5 exposure prediction is an area of future research.…”

Section: Implications For Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the fraction of ambient fine particulate matter found indoors and observed heterogeneity in health effect estimates

Hodas

Meng

Lunden

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Exposure to ambient (outdoor-generated) fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) occurs predominantly indoors. The variable efficiency with which ambient PM 2.5 penetrates and persists indoors is a source of exposure error in air pollution epidemiology and could contribute to observed temporal and spatial heterogeneity in health effect estimates. We used a mass balance approach to model F for several scenarios across which heterogeneity in effect estimates has been observed: with geographic location of residence, residential roadway proximity, socioeconomic status, and central air-conditioning use. We found F is higher in close proximity to primary combustion sources (e.g. proximity to traffic) and for lower income homes. F is lower when PM 2.5 is enriched in nitrate and with central air-conditioning use. As a result, exposure error resulting from variability in F will be greatest when these factors have high temporal and/or spatial variability. The circumstances for which F is lower in our calculations correspond to circumstances for which lower effect estimates have been observed in epidemiological studies and higher F values correspond to higher effect estimates. Our results suggest that variability in exposure misclassification resulting from variability in F is a possible contributor to heterogeneity in PM-mediated health effect estimates.

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Gas/particle distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coupled outdoor/indoor atmospheres

Cited by 112 publications

References 45 publications

Fine organic particulate matter dominates indoor-generated PM2.5 in RIOPA homes

Fine organic particulate matter dominates indoor-generated PM2.5 in RIOPA homes

Indoor airborne particle sources and semi-volatile partitioning effect of outdoor fine PM in offices

Variability in the fraction of ambient fine particulate matter found indoors and observed heterogeneity in health effect estimates

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