Gas-phase hydrogen permeation and diffusion in carbon steels as a function of carbon content from 500 to 900 K

Gadgeel, V. L.; Johnson, Donald L.

doi:10.1007/bf02833976

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In addition, Clesi et al (2018) inferred carbon concentrations of 3 to 7 wt %, a significant fraction of the saturation concentration of carbon, 6.67 wt %, as in Fe 3 C. Actually, Clesi et al (2018) did not measure carbon directly, instead calculating it as the balance after all other elements were accounted for, so it is possible that the carbon concentrations were even closer to saturation than their estimates. Percent-level concentrations of carbon would likely decrease D H appreciably, possibly owing to the limiting effect of carbon on hydrogen solubility in iron, which has been experimentally confirmed both in Fe-C melts at 1865 K and 1 bar (Weinstein & Elliott, 1963) and in carbon steels at 500-900 K and 0.1-7 bar (Gadgeel & Johnson, 1979).…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Results To Hydrogen Solubility In Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Earth's Water: Chondritic Inheritance Plus Nebular Ingassing and Storage of Hydrogen in the Core

Desch

Schaefer

et al. 2018

JGR Planets

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Recent developments in planet formation theory and measurements of low D/H in deep mantle material support a solar nebula source for some of Earth's hydrogen. Here we present a new model for the origin of Earth's water that considers both chondritic water and nebular ingassing of hydrogen. The largest embryo that formed Earth likely had a magma ocean while the solar nebula persisted and could have ingassed nebular gases. The model considers iron hydrogenation reactions during Earth's core formation as a mechanism for both sequestering hydrogen in the core and simultaneously fractionating hydrogen isotopes. By parameterizing the isotopic fractionation factor and initial bulk D/H ratio of Earth's chondritic material, we explore the combined effects of elemental dissolution and isotopic fractionation of hydrogen in iron. By fitting to the two key constraints (three oceans' worth of water in Earth's mantle and on its surface; and D/H in the bulk silicate Earth close to 150 × 10−6), the model searches for best solutions among ~10,000 different combinations of chondritic and nebular contributions. We find that ingassing of a small amount, typically >0–0.5 oceans of nebular hydrogen, is generally demanded, supplementing seven to eight oceans from chondritic contributions. About 60% of the total hydrogen enters the core, and attendant isotopic fractionation plausibly lowers the core's D/H to ~130 × 10−6. Crystallized magma ocean material may have D/H ≈ 110 × 10−6. These modeling results readily explain the low D/H in core‐mantle boundary material and account for Earth's inventory of solar neon and helium.

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Section: Sensitivity Of Results To Hydrogen Solubility In Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Earth's Water: Chondritic Inheritance Plus Nebular Ingassing and Storage of Hydrogen in the Core

Desch

Schaefer

et al. 2018

JGR Planets

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“…Dissolved hydrogen concentrations would continue to increase except that permeation of hydrogen through the plant piping and process equipment walls causes dissolved hydrogen to reach a steady-state concentration. Piping and process equipment are composed of carbon steel, which is quite permeable to hydrogen [13,14], and its permeability also has an Arrhenius temperature dependence. The steady-state dissolved hydrogen concentration is the value at which the plant-wide hydrogen generation rate equals the plant-wide hydrogen permeation rate out of the plant via piping and process equipment walls.…”

Section: Problem Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is the partial pressure of gas-phase hydrogen in the tank. is the permeation coefficient for hydrogen for the expansion tank wall material, which is carbon steel [13,34]. is a function of temperature and is defined as:…”

Section: Power Plant Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acciona Power Plant Hydrogen Mitigation Project

Glatzmaier

2020

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“…where corresponds to the diffusion coefficient and is calculated from the ratio of hydrogen permeability and solubility for carbon steel (Gadgeel and Johnson, 1979), is the load frequency, is the partial volume of hydrogen, is the Boltzmann constant, is the temperature in Kelvins and is the material's yield strength.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extended engineering critical assessment for corrosion fatigue of subsea pipeline steels

Cheng

Chen

2018

Engineering Failure Analysis

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Newcastle University ePrints -eprint.ncl.ac.uk Cheng A, Chen N-Z. An extended engineering critical assessment for corrosion fatigue of subsea pipeline steels. Engineering Failure Analysis 2018, 84, 262-275 AbstractEngineering critical assessment (ECA) is widely used to assess the structural integrity in offshore industry. But industry standards provide limited guidance on ECAs of structures subjected to corrosion fatigue (CF). In this paper, a critical stress intensity factor (SIF) derived from a corrosioncrack correlation model is proposed to improve the traditional ECA for steel structures in seawater.The proposed critical SIF extends the traditional ECA for CF in that it accounts for the influence of load frequency and initial crack size on the model selection within current ECA guidelines for the ECA of marine structures under CF. The extended ECA is applied for X65 carbon pipeline steels subjected to CF. The crack growth curves are built using a three-stage CF crack growth model and the experimental data. Fatigue lives are calculated based on those curves as well as traditional ECA models. Results show that the critical SIF can effectively improve the ECA for X65 carbon pipeline steels under CF. The extended ECA provides a reasonable assessment with reduced conservatism in contrast to the traditional ECA for CF.

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Gas-phase hydrogen permeation and diffusion in carbon steels as a function of carbon content from 500 to 900 K

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Origin of Earth's Water: Chondritic Inheritance Plus Nebular Ingassing and Storage of Hydrogen in the Core

Origin of Earth's Water: Chondritic Inheritance Plus Nebular Ingassing and Storage of Hydrogen in the Core

Acciona Power Plant Hydrogen Mitigation Project

An extended engineering critical assessment for corrosion fatigue of subsea pipeline steels

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