Gas-phase pyrolysis of heterocyclic compounds, part 1 and 2: flow pyrolysis and annulation reactions of some sulfur heterocycles: thiophene, benzo[b]thiophene, and dibenzothiophene. A product-oriented study

Winkler, Jens K; Karow, Werner; Rademacher, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0165-2370(00)00218-7

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The pyrolysis of thiophene involves a number of complex chemical reactions and no detailed reaction mechanism has been established although suggestions have been made about the nature of the principal steps (Hurd et al, 1962;Cullis and Norris, 1972;Winkler et al, 2002). The yields of primary and secondary products obtained from pyrolysis are very much dependent on the reaction conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently Winkler et al (2002) carried out a study of the continuous flow pyrolysis of thiophene in argon and helium in the temperature range 773-1373 K. They observed a tendency for the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and sulphur-containing polycyclic hetarenes (PHAs) at temperatures of 773-1073 K. Above 1073 K scission of the thiophene skeleton becomes important and products are formed from thiophene and its fragments. They identified about 15 products of pyrolysis including benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene and thianthrene using GC-MS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shock tube pyrolysis of thiophene

Memon

Williams

2003

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThe kinetics of the thermal decomposition of thiophene diluted in argon have been studied behind reflected shock waves in a single pulse shock tube over the temperature range 1598-2022 K and pressures between 2.5 and 3.44 bar. Product yields and composition were determined using capillary column gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and flame photometric sulphur selective detection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock tube pyrolysis of thiophene

Memon

Williams

2003

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…Zhao et al [243] conducted a series of pyrolysis on inorganically desulfurized coals at temperatures ranging from 673 K to 1173 K. They observed that most of the organic sulfur escaped as H 2 S. Calkins [244] conducted pyrolysis of raw and pyrite removed Pittsburgh #8 coal in a pyroprobe GC/MS at temperatures of 523-1273 K. He observed H 2 S, COS, CS 2 , CH 3 SH, SO 2 , and mostly thiophene and thiophenic compounds in the gaseous product. Investigations on the pyrolysis of thiophene and thiophenic compounds have concluded that H 2 S is the major compound released [245][246][247][248]. Therefore, it can be concluded that H 2 S is the main compound resulting from pyrolysis of organic sulfur.…”

Section: Effect Of Blending Coal and Biomass/waste On The Fate Of Sulmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste

2014

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Abstract:Biomass is relatively cleaner than coal and is the only renewable carbon resource that can be directly converted into fuel. Biomass can significantly contribute to the world's energy needs if harnessed sustainably. However, there are also problems associated with the thermal conversion of biomass. This paper investigates and discusses issues associated with the thermal conversion of coal and biomass as a blend. Most notable topics reviewed are slagging and fouling caused by the relatively reactive alkali and alkaline earth compounds (K 2 O, Na 2 O and CaO) found in biomass ash. The alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) present and dispersed in biomass fuels induce catalytic activity during co-conversion with coal. The catalytic activity is most noticeable when blended with high rank coals. The synergy during co-conversion is still controversial although it has been theorized that biomass acts like a hydrogen donor in liquefaction. Published literature also shows that coal and biomass exhibit different mechanisms, depending on the operating conditions, for the formation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur species. Utilization aspects of fly ash from blending coal and biomass are discussed. Recommendations are made on pretreatment options to increase the energy density of biomass fuels through pelletization, torrefaction and flash pyrolysis to reduce transportation costs.

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“…The mechanism of thermolysis of heterocyclopentadienes (C 4 H 4 M, M = O, S, Se, Te) has been comprehensively examined only for furan [1][2][3] and thiophene [3][4][5][6][7]. It was shown that the thermal decomposition of both C 4 H 4 M (M = O, S) yields primary stable products that reflect the cleavage of only one of the two C-M bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decomposition of furan was assumed to involve either C-O ring scission to a C 4 H 4 O biradical that decomposes mostly via 1,2-H atom migration followed by elimination of CO and formation of C 3 H 4 [1,2], or via 1,2-H shift and elimination of CO [3]. Decomposition of thiophene at low temperatures [4] proceeds via C-H bond cleavage and recombination of thiophenyl radicals, whereas at high temperatures [5] it is controlled by C-S bond scission to form C 4 H 4 S diradical that decays into C 4 H 3 + SH and C 3 H 4 + CS products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%