No abstract

SUMMARYThe kinetics of the thermal decomposition of thiophene diluted in argon have been studied behind reflected shock waves in a single pulse shock tube over the temperature range 1598-2022 K and pressures between 2.5 and 3.44 bar. Product yields and composition were determined using capillary column gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and flame photometric sulphur selective detection.

Abstract-This study explores the decarbonization potential and economic analysis of the power generation sector of Pakistan. PakistanTIMES energy model has been developed using TIMES energy model with focus on limiting the CO 2 emissions under two alternative scenarios CEC10 and CEC20. Various power generation technologies; their cost and performance characteristics, fossil fuels and renewable energy resources availability, potential and costs, a number of assumptions, and suitable modelling parameters have been considered for the study period 2014-2033. BASE scenario results of the model warrants that Pakistan needs to invest to the tune of US$ (2014) 29.2 billion to ensure consistent electricity supply during the study period. It is also estimated that CO 2 emissions will reach 171 million tonnes by year 2033. On other hand, alternative scenarios CEC10 and CEC20 shall result 153 and 136 million tonnes of CO 2 emissions respectively by the end of study period. The investment cost estimated by the model for CEC10 and CEC20 scenarios are to the tune of 30 and 34 billion US$ respectively. These results suggest that Pakistan can achieve the decarbonization of power generation sector in the range of 10-20 % gradually towards year 2033 with additional system costs of 1-5 billion US$.

SUMMARYA single pulse shock tube has been used to study the pyrolysis of a hydrogenated sulphur compound, tetrahydrothiophene over the temperature range 1686-1885 K and pressures between 2.4 and 3.5 bars. Product yield and composition was determined using capillary column gas-chromatography with flame ionization detection and flame photometric sulphur selective detection. The principal hydrocarbon products at all temperatures were C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 2 . Other hydrocarbon reaction products were CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 3 , C 4 H 6 , C 4 H 10 , C 4 H 4 , C 6 H 6 , C 4 H 2 and some traces of C 5 and C 6 H 5 species. The sulphur compounds identified were hydrogen sulphide, carbon disulphide, thiophene and traces of ethyl mercapton. The pyrolysis experiments indicated that at lower temperatures the hydrogenated thiophene molecule reacts in two unimolecular channels to form C 2 H 4 +(CH 2 )2-S in the major faster channel which may be the route for other products. However, a second lower route may be the formation of C 3 H 6 +CH 2 S. The rate constant obtained for tetrahydrothiophene pyrolysis calculated for this study was k dis(C4H8S) =1.26 Â 10 13 exp (316.9 kJ mol À1 ) s À1 .