Gas-PM2.5 partitioning, health risks, and sources of atmospheric PAHs in a northern China city: Impact of domestic heating

Sun, Yinan; Chen, Jing; Qin, Wenjing; Yu, Qing; Xin, Ke; Ai, Jing; Huang, Huiying; Liu, Xingang

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120156

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…PM 2.5 is the primary pollutant in urban air, which seriously impacts atmospheric visibility [8], climate change [9], socio-economic development [10], and human health [11,12] and has become an essential factor hindering regional sustainable development. Many studies have shown that PM 2.5 is highly correlated with morbidity and mortality, and people exposed to PM 2.5 -polluted air are at higher risk of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other respiratory diseases [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Persistent PM 2.5 pollution damages the overall image of a city, has a negative impact on attracting capital, talent, and tourism, and constrains the sustainable socio-economic development of the city [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality Improvement in China: Evidence from PM2.5 Concentrations in Five Urban Agglomerations, 2000–2021

et al. 2022

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Air pollution endangers human health and sustainable socio-economic development, especially in urban agglomeration (UA). The Chinese government has implemented a series of policies and standards to improve air quality. However, few studies have compared variations in PM2.5 concentrations across multiple UAs, and current research often lacks analysis relative to the clean air policies implemented by the government. In this study, we used econometric and geostatistical methods to assess the distribution and spatial evolution of PM2.5 concentrations in five UAs (the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei UA (BTHUA), middle reaches of the Yangtze River UA (MYRUA), Chengdu–Chongqing UA (CCUA), Harbin Changchun UA (HCUA), and Beibu Gulf UA (BGUA)) in China from 2000 to 2021 to explore the effectiveness of the clean air policies implemented by the government on air pollution control, to analyze the ambient air quality of UAs, and to make recommendations for public outdoor activities. The results indicated that the clean air policy implemented by the Chinese government in 2013 achieved significant treatment results. PM2.5 concentrations were plotted as an inverted U-shaped curve based on time, which showed an upward trend before 2013 and a downward trend after 2013. PM2.5 concentrations showed a similar seasonal pattern, with a single-valley “V” shape. PM2.5 concentration was the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The PM2.5 concentration of HCUA and BGUA was lower than that of CCUA, MYRUA, and BTHUA. The increase in PM2.5 concentration mainly occurred in autumn and winter, while the decrease mainly occurred in spring. In 2021, the PM2.5 air quality compliance rates (<35 µg/m3) in BTHUA, MYRUA, CCUA, HCUA, and BGUA were 44.57%, 80.00%, 82.04%, 99.74%, and 100%, respectively. However, in 2021, 19.19% of the five UAs still had an ambient air quality of Grade II (i.e., 50 < AQIPM2.5 < 100). People with abnormally sensitive breathing in these areas should reduce their outdoor activities. These results contribute to epidemiological studies on human health and disease prevention and suggest reasonable pathways by which governments can improve air quality through sustainable urban planning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality Improvement in China: Evidence from PM2.5 Concentrations in Five Urban Agglomerations, 2000–2021

et al. 2022

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“…Extensive research on cooking fumes by-products have found that toxic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), aldehydes, alkanoic acids, heterocyclic aromatic amine and other harmful products can be released when cooking foods in higher temperature (Chiang et al 1999, Mehta 2015, Svedahl et al 2009). It is established in the literature that EPFR concentration can be generated from solid fuel combustion used for cooking (Zhao et al 2022, Zhao et al 2021), however, there is other research that found a close co-existence of EPFRs and PAHs (Jia et al 2018, Lammel et al 2020, Sun et al 2022). Regardless of whether EPFR was generated from the fuel source used in cooking or from heating the food in high temperature, EPFR produced from cooking is evident, and the use of extractor fan can act to reduce the association between cooking EPFRs and its concentration in the house.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household characteristics associated with environmentally persistent free radicals in house dust in two Australian locations

Lee,

Dangal,

Cormier

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The association between air pollution and adverse health outcomes has been extensively studied, and while oxidative stress in likely to be involved, the underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear. Recent studies propose environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) as the missing connection between air pollution and detrimental health impacts. However, the indoor environment is rarely considered in EPFR research. We measured EPFRs in household dust from two locations in Australia and investigated household characteristics associated with EPFRs. Random forest models were built to identify important household characteristics through variable importance plots and the associations were analysed using Spearmans rho test. We found that age of house, type of garage, house outer wall material, heating method used in home, frequency of extractor fan use when cooking, traffic related air pollution, frequency of cleaning and major house renovation were important household characteristics associated with EPFRs in Australian homes. The direction of association between household characteristics and EPFRs differ between the locations. Hence, further research is warranted to determine the generalisability of our results.

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“…Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), characterized by incomplete electron distributions, dissipate upon reacting with O 2 and convert it into reactive oxygen species (ROS). − Thus, exposure to EPFRs bound in particulate matter (PM) can lead to adverse health effects, including DNA damage, pulmonary inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness. − The decay characteristics of EPFRs, which are related to their reactivity , and ability to catalyze ROS generation, are crucial. − The decay patterns of atmospheric EPFRs were investigated without a clear definition of the initial stage, − since reactive EPFRs in PM might already be quenched and regenerated during their suspension in the atmosphere. − Consequently, it is important to study EPFRs in PM freshly generated from primary sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Decreases with the Decay of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Particulate Matter from Incomplete Solid Fuel Burning

Cheng,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adverse health effects. However, there remains a knowledge gap regarding the dynamic changes in reactivity and toxicity during the decay process of EPFRs emitted from incomplete solid fuel burning, which are identified as a primary source of EPFRs. Here, we report the decay behavior of EPFRs in particulate matter (PM) emitted from typical solid fuel burning and the associated ROS generation and cytotoxic effects. The EPFRs in freshly produced PM first undergo rapid exponential decay with lifetimes ranging from 15 to 97 h and are categorized as fast-decay EPFRs. The relative content of fast-decay EPFRs was 40.5 ± 15.3%, while the remaining portion, defined as slow-decay EPFRs, displayed an extremely slow rate of decay. ROS generation and cytotoxicity decreased by 38.8 ± 11.4% and 62.5 ± 12.6%, respectively, following the depletion of fast-decay EPFRs, which were further demonstrated to be responsible for the variations in PM reactivity and toxicity. These new findings underscore the importance of considering the decay process of EPFRs in assessments of PM toxicity.

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Gas-PM2.5 partitioning, health risks, and sources of atmospheric PAHs in a northern China city: Impact of domestic heating

Cited by 17 publications

References 65 publications

Air Quality Improvement in China: Evidence from PM2.5 Concentrations in Five Urban Agglomerations, 2000–2021

Air Quality Improvement in China: Evidence from PM2.5 Concentrations in Five Urban Agglomerations, 2000–2021

Household characteristics associated with environmentally persistent free radicals in house dust in two Australian locations

Toxicity Decreases with the Decay of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Particulate Matter from Incomplete Solid Fuel Burning

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