Gaseous Emissions of Nitrogen from Grazed Pastures: Processes, Measurements and Modelling, Environmental Implications, and Mitigation

Bolan, Nanthi; Saggar, Surinder; Luo, Junyu; Bhandral, R.; Singh, Jagrati

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(04)84002-1

Cited by 199 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 253 publications

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“…N deposition significantly increased N 2 O emissions from both soils in all treatments (Table 3). The N deposition event was in favor of N 2 O production, because it provided not only anaerobic conditions but also a substrate for denitrification (Dalal et al 2003;Bolan et al 2004;Ruser et al 2006;Chen et al 2013). The no-N treatments of the two soils also exhibited similar dynamics, with N 2 O emission peaks after each wet deposition (only water, no N fertilizer) event (Fig.…”

Section: Discussion N 2 O Co 2 and Nh 3 Emissions Affected By N Depomentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

Sun

Chen

et al. 2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Both nitrogen (N) deposition and biochar can affect the emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) from different soils. Here, we have established a simulated wet N deposition experiment to investigate the effects of N deposition and biochar addition on N 2 O and CO 2 emissions and NH 3 volatilization from agricultural and forest soils. Repacked soil columns were subjected to six N deposition events over a 1-year period. N was applied at rates of 0 (N0), 60 (N60), and 120 (N120) kg Nh a −1 yr −1 without or with biochar (0 and 30 t ha). For agricultural soil, adding N increased cumulative N 2 O emissions by 29.8% and 99.1% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 53.4% more (p < 0.05) N 2 O than the N60 treatment; NH 3 volatilization increased by 33.6% and 91.9% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 43.6% more (p < 0.05) NH 3 than N60; cumulative CO 2 emissions were not influenced by N addition. For forest soil, adding N significantly increased cumulative N 2 O emissions by 141.2% (p < 0.05) and 323.0% (p < 0.05) from N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 75.4% more (p < 0.05) N 2 O than N60; NH 3 volatilization increased by 39.0% (p < 0.05) and 56.1% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and there was no obvious difference between N120 and N60 treatments; cumulative CO 2 emissions were not influenced by N addition. Biochar amendment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased cumulative N 2 O emissions by 20.2% and 25.5% from agricultural and forest soils, respectively, and increased CO 2 emissions slightly by 7.2% and NH 3 volatilization obviously by 21.0% in the agricultural soil, while significantly decreasing CO 2 emissions by 31.5% and NH 3 volatilization by 22.5% in the forest soil. These results suggest that N deposition would strengthen N 2 O and NH 3 emissions and have no effect on CO 2 emissions in both soils, and treatments receiving the higher N rate at N120 emitted obviously more N 2 O and NH 3 than the lower rate at N60. Under the simulated N deposition circumstances, biochar incorporation suppressed N 2 O emissions in both soils, and produced contrasting effects on CO 2 and NH 3 emissions, being enhanced in the agricultural soil while suppressed in the forest soil.

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Section: Discussion N 2 O Co 2 and Nh 3 Emissions Affected By N Depomentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

Sun

Chen

et al. 2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…1c, almost all NH 3 fluxes from the CK treatment were below zero, implying the CK treatment acted as a sink of atmospheric NH 3 over the experimental period. Because NH 3 emission from soil is mainly governed by the equilibrium relationship between gaseous phase NH 3 (g) and aqueous phase NH 3 (aq) in solution (Bolan et al, 2004), the observed pulse NH 3 emissions from the NP and ND treatments after the basal fertilization and topdressing were reasonably ascribed to the abrupt increase of aqueous NH 3 concentration in the soil due to the fertilization. During the basal fertilization, the NH 3 emission from the NP treatment achieved a peak value of 595.9 ng N/(m 2 ·sec) on 1 July (3 days after fertilization), while the NH 3 emission peak from the ND treatment was 1411 ng N/(m 2 ·sec) after 5 days of fertilization.…”

Section: Nh 3 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of dicyandiamide on emissions of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide and ammonia from agricultural field in the North China Plain

Zhou

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…Increases in livestock numbers and over-grazing on pastures in recent decades have inevitably contributed to increased greenhouse gas emissions, the most potent of which is methane (Bolan et al 2004;Bilotta et al 2007). In addition to the enteric methane emitted by ruminants, overstocking leads to loss of vegetation, soil degradation and desertification of grasslands, all of which release amounts of methane and CO 2 into the atmosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sustainable development of grassland-livestock systems on the Tibetan plateau: problems, strategies and prospects

Gibb²,

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The Tibetan plateau is the source of most of the major rivers of Asia and has a huge impact on the livelihoods of the population, who have for centuries engaged in traditional herding practices. Sustainable management of the plateau is of critical importance not only for maintaining livelihoods but also because of its vital ecological function. The major problem of sustainable development in these grassland-livestock systems is the conflict between forage and livestock production. Despite considerable investment of manpower, material resources and capital over many years, attempts to resolve the problem have not been successful. The magnitude of conflict between forage and livestock is addressed by presenting 19 resolution strategies based on numerous research data. Each of these strategies is evaluated in terms of how it can be implemented, its potential benefits for livestock production, current progress and the requirement for further research. The 19 strategies have been divided into four topic categories, namely; grassland-forage, livestock, economy and market, societyculture, which cover the basic elements of sustainable development in this pastoral region. It is argued that improved planning and implementation of the proposed strategies must be based on the background investigation of natural and social status of the pastoral region. Particular attention needs to be given to genetic resources and technology in order to ensure the successful implementation of these proposals. In addition to expanding the use of 18 currently practiced strategies, the authors propose a further novel strategy of replacing the current intensive form of ecological migration with a model incorporating two semipermanent settlements. The objective of this novel strategy is to retain the nomadic element of pastoral husbandry while increasing the temporal and spatial scale of rotational stocking to reduce pasture degradation on the Tibetan plateau. It is argued that these proposals should be urgently incorporated into two national plans for the pastoral livestock industry, and the construction of an ecologically safe shelter zone on the Tibetan plateau, while ensuring a sustainable livelihood of its pastoral residents. Ensuring a successful implementation of these strategies in resolving the conflict between grassland and livestock, and promoting sustainable development on the Tibetan plateau, requires willing support at the level of national investment and policy commitment and from the herdsmen.

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Gaseous Emissions of Nitrogen from Grazed Pastures: Processes, Measurements and Modelling, Environmental Implications, and Mitigation

Cited by 199 publications

References 253 publications

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

Impact of dicyandiamide on emissions of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide and ammonia from agricultural field in the North China Plain

The sustainable development of grassland-livestock systems on the Tibetan plateau: problems, strategies and prospects

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Gaseous Emissions of Nitrogen from Grazed Pastures: Processes, Measurements and Modelling, Environmental Implications, and Mitigation

Cited by 199 publications

References 253 publications

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N2O, CO2and NH3from agricultural and forest soils

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N2O, CO2and NH3from agricultural and forest soils

Impact of dicyandiamide on emissions of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide and ammonia from agricultural field in the North China Plain

The sustainable development of grassland-livestock systems on the Tibetan plateau: problems, strategies and prospects

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Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils

Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N₂O, CO₂and NH₃from agricultural and forest soils