Gasification of cashew nut shells for thermal application in local food processing factory

Tippayawong, Nakorn; Chaichana, Chatchawan; Promwangkwa, A.; Rerkkriangkrai, P.

doi:10.1016/j.esd.2010.10.001

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Elemental analysis of untreated CNS and chemical-treated CNS gave the result as shown in Table 1. The C content of untreated CNS in this study was 45.93%, which is in agreement with the range (45.21-58.3%) reported in the previous literature 23, [29][30][31][32] . The difference in the composition of CNS depends on the varieties and growing condition of cashew nut trees.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Utilization of chemically treated cashew-nut shell as potential adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution

Nuithitikul

Phromrak

Saengngoen

2020

Sci Rep

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In this study, cashew nut shells (CNS), waste from a cashew nut processing factory, have been used as an adsorbent for Pb(II) ions in water. Treatments of CNS with 1 M of H 2 So 4 , HNO 3, and NaOH solutions were performed to modify their surfaces and improve their adsorption capacities. characterization of untreated and chemical-treated CNS was carried out using nitrogen adsorption isotherm, elemental (CHN) analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). In the study of Pb(II) removal, various models of adsorption kinetics and isotherms were evaluated against the experimental data. the results showed that H 2 So 4-treated cnS exhibited the highest adsorption capacity. the chemical treatment removes impurities, alters the surface functional groups and improves specific surface areas and pore volumes of native CNS significantly. Surface adsorption and intra-particle diffusion steps were found to substantially affect the overall adsorption process of Pb(II) on H 2 So 4-treated cnS. owing to its easy preparation and comparable adsorption capacity, H 2 So 4-treated cnS has the potential to be developed as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of pb(ii) from contaminated water. Water is a natural resource necessary for living and sustaining our ecosystem. The increases in human population and industrial processes have released more polluted water into the environment unless proper treatments are implemented effectively. Owing to the water solubility of heavy metals under favorable pH/Eh conditions, water is inevitably contaminated with heavy metals, mostly discharged from several industries 1. Such contaminated water leads to environmental problems and accumulation of heavy metals in the food chain which finally returns to human beings. Numerous disorders and diseases are caused by the deposition of heavy metals. Ions of lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium have been reported to be at the top of the toxicity list 2. Lead (Pb) ions contaminated in water are highly toxic to humans and the environment. The sources of lead include the steel and metal alloy industries, welding and electroplating processes, and manufactures of batteries, pigments and ammunition 2-4. The accumulation of lead in the human body at a certain level can seriously destroy the nervous system, organs (i.e., heart, kidneys, and reproductive system) and tissues 5,6. The World Health Organization specifies the maximum concentration of lead ions in drinking water as 0.01 mg/L 7. Several methods have been introduced to remove heavy metal ions from contaminated water such as chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, ion-exchange, electrochemical methods, flotation, and adsorption. Many methods have drawbacks which are high capital and operating costs, the requirement of extra chemicals and high energy, generation of hazardous sludge, and low performance for diluted wastewater 8. Among these methods, adsorption is very attractive owing to its easy operat...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Utilization of chemically treated cashew-nut shell as potential adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution

Nuithitikul

Phromrak

Saengngoen

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Biomass gasification is a thermochemical conversion of a solid, such as biomass, which this agro wastes belong to, into a combustible gas known as producer gas. Gasification involves four stages of: pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction, which produce combustible gases like CO, H2, and hydrocarbons (Tippayawong et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasification of ‘Loose’ Groundnut Shells in a Throathless Downdraft Gasifier

Kuhe

Aliyu

2015

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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Abstract:In this paper, gasification potential of biomass residue was investigated using a laboratory scale throatless downdraft gasifier. Groundnut shells gasified in a throatless downdraft gasifier could be used to produce a clean gas with a calorific value of 5.92 MJ/Nm3 and a combustible fraction of 45% v/v. Low moisture (8.6%) and ash content (3.19%) are the main advantages of groundnut shells for gasification. Gasification of shell waste products is a clean energy alternative to fossil fuels. The product gas can be used efficiently for heating and possible usage in internal combustion engines.

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“…Biomass is especially abundant, environmentally friendly and is an attractive substitute to fossil fuels. Biomass can be converted to producer gas by gasification, and utilized for generation of power and heat [1,2]. It has the potential to be used to drive internal combustion engines, compared with other forms of energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%