Gastric cancer: epidemiology, prevention, classification, and treatment

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world, the epidemiology of which has changed within last decades. A trend of steady decline in gastric cancer incidence rates is the effect of the increased standards of hygiene, conscious nutrition, and Helicobacter pylori eradication, which together constitute primary prevention. Avoidance of gastric cancer remains a priority. However, patients with higher risk should be screened for early detection and chemoprevention. Surgical resection enhanced by standardized lymphadenectomy remains the gold standard in gastric cancer therapy. This review briefly summarizes the most important aspects of gastric cancers, which include epidemiology, risk factors, classification, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The paper is mostly addressed to physicians who are interested in updating the state of art concerning gastric carcinoma from easily accessible and credible source.

Downregulation of microRNA‑142‑3p and its tumor suppressor role in gastric cancer

“…Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-associated mortalities in the world (1,2). The treatment methods for gastric cancer primarily include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (3,4).…”

Polymorphism of the programmed death‐ligand 1 gene is associated with its protein expression and prognosis in gastric cancer

“…Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major cancer‐related threats to public health . China is a high‐risk area, with an estimated 427 100 new cases and 301 200 GC‐related deaths reported in 2013 .…”

Long non‐coding RNA NNT‐AS1 sponges miR‐424/E2F1 to promote the tumorigenesis and cell cycle progression of gastric cancer

“…Along with the progress of more comprehensive therapy techniques, the mortality rate of GC patients is decreasing in recent years; however, there are still huge quantity GC patients who are diagnosed at an advanced stage with lymphatic or distant metastasis in the absence of specific symptoms 4, 5. Because of the high rates of postsurgical recurrence and metastasis, the prognosis of GC patients diagnosed as advanced‐stage is pessimistically bad 6. Therefore, more attention should be devoted to the pathologic mechanism research.…”