Gastric carcinoids. An immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic study of 104 patients

Thomas, Rebecca; Baybick, Jeffrey H.; Elsayed, Al M.; Sobin, Leslie H.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19940415)73:8<2053::aid-cncr2820730807>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 90 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thomas et al (26) analyzed 104 gastric carcinoids, the majority of which exhibited a diameter of <2.0 cm, and observed that the infiltration depth was restricted 24 (30.8) to the mucosa and submucosa. Soga (27) investigated 1,914 gastrointestinal carcinoids and hypothesized that the diameter of the tumor was closely associated with metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors

Shen

Zhao

et al. 2016

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. The aim of the present retrospective analysis on the macroscopic appearance and pathological characteristics of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) was to investigate methods for their early diagnosis and treatment. A total of 78 patients were divided into submucosal NET and deeper invasion NET groups, according to the depth of tumor invasion exhibited by the patients. The clinicopathological characteristics and survival time of the NET patients were analyzed and compared. The pathological characteristics of the submucosal NETs group were investigated according to the diameter of the tumor (≤5.0 mm, 5.1-10.0 mm or >10.0 mm). The depth of invasion at diagnosis was observed to significantly correlate with histopathological classification, diameter of the tumor, macroscopic appearance, growth pattern, lymphatic-vascular involvement, lymph node (LN) metastasis and distant metastasis. In the submucosal NETs group, high-grade tumors with lymphatic or venule invasion and distant metastasis were associated with an increased risk of nodal metastases. In patients with minute tumors (≤5.0 mm), no lymphatic-vascular involvement, LN or distant metastasis was observed. By contrast, patients with tumors measuring 5.1-10.0 mm in diameter exhibited high lymphatic-vascular involvement and LN metastasis rates (46.2 and 30.8%, respectively). Survival time was significantly longer in patients with submucosal NETs compared with deeper invasion NETs and in patients with NET G1 and NET G2 compared with NEC. The results of the present study indicate that gastrointestinal submucosal NETs are closely associated with a slightly elevated macroscopic type, low-grade tumors and a small diameter. These features may contribute to early diagnosis of gastrointestinal NETs. Therefore, a tumor diameter of <5.0 mm, with slightly elevated macroscopic appearance may indicate an absolute requirement for endoscopic resection, while tumors measuring 5.1-10.0 mm in diameter must be considered carefully.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors

Shen

Zhao

et al. 2016

Oncology Letters

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“…Also, chromogranin and argyrophilic positivity are noticed. 2,11 Immunohistochemistry with chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin assessment is of relevance in identifying hyperplasia, dysplasia and malignant transformation of ECL cells. Also, immunohistochemical determination of the proliferative index with Ki-67 and evaluation of the mitotic index, by counting number of mitosis per 10 high-power fields, are mandatory, with a negative prognostic meaning when Ki-67 is > 2% and mitotic index is > 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric Carcinoid Tumors: The Problems Encountered in Diagnosis and Treatment

Yüksel¹

2013

UHOD

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Gastric carcinoid tumors are rare tumors that originate from gastric enterochromaffin-like cells in the oxyntic mucosa and constitute 3.2-4% of all carcinoid tumors. Herein, outcome of a single institution experience with gastric carcinoid tumors were evaluated retrospectively. The patients with gastric carcinoid tumors were analyzed with respect to their presenting signs and symptoms, serum gastrin level, imaging studies, operative procedures and outcome of 21 patients with gastric carcinoid tumor were enrolled in this study. Sixteen patients had type 1 and 5 had type IV gastric carcinoid tumors. Endoscopic biopsy was performed in 15 patients with type I and in 2 patients with type IV. Multifocal tumor was seen in 7 patients with type I. Preoperative serum gastrin levels were high in 11 patients with type I and 3 patients with type IV gastric carcinoid tumor. In the patients with type I gastric carcinoid tumor, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was performed in 6 patients with only one tumor and the tumor size less than 1 cm. In this group, 3 patients had relapse (50%). Total gastrectomy was performed in all the patients with type IV gastric carcinoid tumor. The 5-year survival of type I and IV gastric carcinoid tumors were 69.1% and 48.6%, respectively.

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“…Up to more than 70% of cases (12,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) are associated with type-A chronic atrophic gastritis (ACAG) or pernicious anemia (gastric CTs, type 1). They are usually smaller than 1 cm and multifocal in 50%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When greater than 2 cm these tumors are usually fatal (16). In our series no gastric CT was greater than 20 mm, and most were treated endoscopically (Table III).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors

Varas-Lorenzo¹,

Muñoz-Agel²,

Espinós-Pérez³

et al. 2010

Rev. esp. enferm. dig.

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Carcinoid tumors (CTs) were described more than 100 years ago by Oberndorfer (1,2). MacDonald (1) found 0.02% carcinoids in surgical cases, and 1% in necropsies.The incidence of carcinoid tumors has increased over time from 0.32/100,000 population and year (3) in the only community-based study available to 1-2 cases/100,000/year (4,5), and then further to 4.4/ 100,000/year (6,7); the rate in surgical specimens and necropsies was 8.4/100,000/year in Sweden during a 12-year period of time (8). The one study in our country (9) points out an incidence of 0.7/100,000 population/year for all CTs (0.125% in necropsies).CTs occur twice as much in Afro-American than in Caucasian patients (10). Gender distribution is similar, REV ESP ENFERM DIG (Madrid) Vol. 102. N.°9, pp. 533-537, 2010 Received: 29-10-09. Accepted: 25-02-10.Correspondence: M. J. Varas Lorenzo. Centro Médico Teknon. C/ Marquesa de Vilallonga, 12. 08017 Barcelona. Spain. e-mail: varas@dr.teknon.es Varas-Lorenzo MJ, Muñoz-Agel F, Espinós-Pérez JC, Bardají-Bofill M. Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2010; 102: 533-537. ORIGINAL PAPERS ABSTRACTObjective: carcinoid tumors (CTs) represent the commonest neuroendocrine tumors.Those in the gastrointestinal tract are diagnosed in surgical specimens, clinically, and using imaging techniques (endoscopy, echoendoscopy, CT, Octreoscan, etc.).The goal of this retrospective study was to review a personal series of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, and to compare it to those in the literature.Patients and methods: the medical records of 40 Caucasian patients with over 50 gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors (including multiple cases) who were seen for a period of 16 years (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009) were reviewed.Results: mean age at presentation was 52 years, 50% were females, and mean tumor size was 9.9 mm. Most were gastroduodenal (42.5%) or rectal (30%), and were treated endoscopically. Metastases and carcinoid syndrome (CS) were seen in 5% of patients. Survival at study endpoint was 85%.Conclusions: age and gender were consistent with the literature. There was an increase in gastroduodenal (multifocal) and rectal carcinoids, likely because the series was essentially endoscopical in nature (bias). There was a lower rate of CS and higher survival, likely due to earlier diagnosis and treatment.Key words: Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors. Neuroendocrine tumors. Carcinoid syndrome. RESUMENObjetivo: los tumores carcinoides (TC) son los tumores neuroendocrinos más frecuentes. Los digestivos se diagnostican en las piezas quirúrgicas, en la clínica, y mediante los métodos de imagen (endoscopia, ecoendoscopia, TAC y Octreoscan, etc.).El objetivo de este trabajo retrospectivo fue revisar una serie personal de tumores carcinoides digestivos y compararla con la literatura.Pacientes y métodos: se revisaron las historias clínicas de 40 pacientes de raza blanca con más de 50 tumores carcinoides digestivos, algunos múltiples, observados du...

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Gastric carcinoids. An immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic study of 104 patients

Cited by 90 publications

References 21 publications

Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors

Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors

Gastric Carcinoid Tumors: The Problems Encountered in Diagnosis and Treatment

Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors

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