Gastric feed intolerance is not increased in critically ill patients with type II diabetes mellitus

Lam, Simon W.; Nguyen, Nam Q.; Ching, Katrina; Chapman, Marianne J.; Fraser, Robert; Holloway, Richard L.

doi:10.1007/s00134-007-0777-x

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Surprising variability also exists in definitions of FI. Although most authors define it based on high gastric residuals or vomiting [ 2 , 9 , 23 , 26 ], others also include include abdominal pain or distension and diarrhoea as reasons to stop feeding and declare FI to be present [ 27 ]. Even though FI is a rather subjective variable, it is – in our opinion – the most universally used clinical characteristic of gastrointestinal failure, probably covering the entire spectrum of gastrointestinal symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different gastrointestinal complications (decreased bowel sounds, delayed gastric emptying, and diarrhoea) may occur in up to 50% of mechanically ventilated patients [ 1 , 7 ]. Intolerance to gastric feeding due to delayed gastric emptying occurs in approximately half of critically ill patients [ 2 , 7 - 10 ] and has an adverse impact on intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and length of stay [ 2 , 7 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastrointestinal Failure score in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study

et al. 2008

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Introduction There are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria for gastrointestinal failure in critically ill patients. In the present study we tested whether the occurrence of food intolerance (FI) and intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), combined in a 5-grade scoring system for assessment of gastrointestinal function (the Gastrointestinal Failure [GIF] score), predicts mortality. The prognostic value of the GIF score alone and in combination with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is evaluated, and the incidence and outcome of gastrointestinal failure is described relative to the GIF score.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal Failure score in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study

et al. 2008

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“…The role of tight glycemic control in critically ill human and small animal veterinary patients and its effect on GIDM is not completely understood and is frequently contested. There is some evidence that maintaining normoglycemia by intensive insulin therapy in critical illness minimizes feeding intolerance and may improve immune function, but the clinical benefit of this approach has been questioned …”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Gidmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal dysmotility disorders in critically ill dogs and cats

Whitehead

Cortes

Eirmann

2016

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective -To review the human and veterinary literature regarding gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility disorders in respect to pathogenesis, patient risk factors, and treatment options in critically ill dogs and cats. Etiology -GI dysmotility is a common sequela of critical illness in people and small animals. The most common GI motility disorders in critically ill people and small animals include esophageal dysmotility, delayed gastric emptying, functional intestinal obstruction (ie, ileus), and colonic motility abnormalities. Medical conditions associated with the highest risk of GI dysmotility include mechanical ventilation, sepsis, shock, trauma, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and multiple organ failure. The incidence and pathophysiology of GI dysmotility in critically ill small animals is incompletely understood. Diagnosis -A presumptive diagnosis of GI dysmotility is often made in high-risk patient populations following detection of persistent regurgitation, vomiting, lack of tolerance of enteral nutrition, abdominal pain, and constipation. Definitive diagnosis is established via radioscintigraphy; however, this diagnostic tool is not readily available and is difficult to perform on small animals. Other diagnostic modalities that have been evaluated include abdominal ultrasonography, radiographic contrast, and tracer studies. Therapy -Therapy is centered at optimizing GI perfusion, enhancement of GI motility, and early enteral nutrition. Pharmacological interventions are instituted to promote gastric emptying and effective intestinal motility and prevention of complications. Promotility agents, including ranitidine/nizatidine, metoclopramide, erythromycin, and cisapride are the mainstays of therapy in small animals. Prognosis -The development of complications related to GI dysmotility (eg, gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration) have been associated with increased mortality risk. Institution of prophylaxic therapy is recommended in high-risk patients, however, no consensus exists regarding optimal timing of initiating prophylaxic measures, preference of treatment, or duration of therapy. The prognosis for affected small animal patients remains unknown. (J Vet Emerg

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“…A prior history of type II diabetes mellitus does not appear to be a further risk factor for gastric feed intolerance. Lam and colleagues [43] report a retrospective study where consecutive mechanically ventilated patients with at least 72 h of gastric feeding were identified. The occurrence of feed intolerance and the time taken to develop feed intolerance was not related to type II diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Enteral and Parenteral Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2007. III. Ethics and legislation, health services research, pharmacology and toxicology, nutrition and paediatrics

et al. 2008

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Gastric feed intolerance is not increased in critically ill patients with type II diabetes mellitus

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Gastrointestinal Failure score in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study

Gastrointestinal Failure score in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study

Gastrointestinal dysmotility disorders in critically ill dogs and cats

Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2007. III. Ethics and legislation, health services research, pharmacology and toxicology, nutrition and paediatrics

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