Gastrin releasing peptide in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: An immunohistochemical, chromatographic and radioimmunological study

Mikkelsen, Jens D.; Larsen, Philip J.; O'Hare, M.M.T.; Wiegand, Stanley J.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90174-m

Cited by 64 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…As with VIP, GRP has been detected in the SCN of all species that have been examined [Roth et al, 1982;Panula et al, 1984;van den Pol, 1986;Mikkelsen et al, 1991;Martinet et al, 1995;Smale and Boverhof, 1999;Abrahamson and Moore, 2001;Moore et al, 2002;Negroni et al, 2003]. The presence of these cells in the Acomys SCN further reinforces the view that this peptide performs a function that is universal and essential for normal patterns of rhythmicity.…”

Section: Organization Of Cell Bodies Within the Scnsupporting

confidence: 52%

The Substructure of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Similarities between Nocturnal and Diurnal Spiny Mice

et al. 2010

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Evolutionary transitions between nocturnal and diurnal patterns of adaptation to the day-night cycle must have involved fundamental changes in the neural mechanisms that coordinate the daily patterning of activity, but little is known about how these mechanisms differ. One reason is that information on these systems in very closely related diurnal and nocturnal species is lacking. In this study, we characterize the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the primary brain structure involved in the generation and coordination of circadian rhythms, in two members of the genus Acomys with very different activity patterns, Acomys russatus (the golden spiny mouse, diurnal) and Acomys cahirinus (the common spiny mouse, nocturnal). Immunohistochemical techniques were used to label cell bodies containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), vasopressin (VP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and calbindin (CalB) in the SCN, as well as two sets of inputs to it, those containing serotonin (5-HT) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), respectively. All were present in the SCN of both species and no differences between them were seen. On the basis of neuronal phenotype, the SCN was organized into three basic regions that contained VIP-immunoreactive (-ir), CalB-ir and VP-ir cells, in the ventral, middle and dorsal SCN, respectively. In the rostral SCN, GRP-ir cells were in both the VIP and the CalB cell regions, and in the caudal area they were distributed across a portion of each of the other three regions. Fibers containing NPY-ir and serotonin (5-HT)-ir were most concentrated in the areas containing VIP-ir and CalB-ir cells, respectively. The details of the spatial relationships among the labeled cells and fibers seen here are discussed in relation to different approaches investigators have taken to characterize the SCN more generally.

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Section: Organization Of Cell Bodies Within the Scnsupporting

confidence: 52%

The Substructure of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Similarities between Nocturnal and Diurnal Spiny Mice

et al. 2010

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“…In the case of VIP-IR, this generalization is a well-founded one, because VIP-IR has been documented in the SCN of many species representing numerous orders (Sims et al, 1980;Card et al 1981Card et al , 1984Antonopoulos et al, 1987;Cassone et al, 1988;Reuss et al, 1989;Smale et al, 1991Smale et al, , 1993Moore, 1991;Mikkelsen and Fahrenkrug, 1994;Tokunaga et al, 1994). Fewer species have been examined with respect to the presence of GRP-IR (Roth et al, 1982;Panula et al, 1984;Van den Pol, 1986;Mikkelsen et al, 1991) and GFAP-IR Smale et al, 1991Smale et al, , 1993. Each of these three peptides exhibits a daily rhythm within the SCN of rats and/or hamsters Lavialle and Serviere, 1993;Okamura and Ibata, 1994).…”

Section: Suprachiasmatic Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 93%

The suprachiasmatic nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet ofArvicanthis niloticus, a diurnal murid rodent from East Africa

Smale

Boverhof

1999

J. Comp. Neurol.

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“…First, precursors for GRP,-,, and PHI/VIP can be cleaved into other peptide molecules, the role of which has not been assessed and could complicate any model of interactions among the larger peptides. The presence of these fragments has been demonstrated in the rodent SCN (Mikkelsen et al, 1991;Mikkelsen and Fahrenkrug, 1994), and at least one (GRP,,-,,) potently activates hamster SCN cells in vitro (Piggins et al, 1994). Second, implicit in the ratio model is the assumption that receptors for GRP,-,, and PHI/VIP are expressed in the same cell populations in the SCN, but there is no conclusive evidence about the availability, distribution, or even coexpression in single SCN neurons of postsynaptic receptors for these neuropeptides.…”

Section: Ti -*mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptides phase shift the mammalian circadian pacemaker

1995

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We studied the influence on circadian rhythms of peptides that have been reported to be colocalized in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP1–27), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were microinjected into the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) region of Syrian hamsters free running under three different constant lighting conditions. All peptide injections caused phase-dependent phase shifts of hamster locomotor activity rhythms which were unaffected by constant lighting conditions. GRP1–27 (150 pmol) caused large phase delays when injected at circadian times (CT) 12–16, modest phase advances when administered at CT20–24, and few shifts during the subjective day. Injections of saline vehicle at any of these phases caused only very small phase shifts. Phase delays induced by GRP1–27 at CT12–14 were dose dependent, unrelated to injection volume (at a constant dose), and attenuated by pretreatment with the BN/GRP-preferring receptor antagonist BIM 26226. VIP (150 pmol) caused moderate phase delays at CT12–14 and moderate phase advances at CT20–24. PHI (150 pmol) caused moderate phase delays at CT12–14 only. Coadministration of 150 pmol of GRP1–27, PHI, and VIP in an equimolar neuropeptide cocktail (50 pmol of each peptide) caused phase delays at CT12–14 and phase advances at CT20- 24 which did not differ from those induced by 150 pmol of GRP1–27 alone at these phases. The shifts induced by 150 pmol of the peptide cocktail were smaller than the sum of the shifts induced by 50 pmol doses of each peptide administered separately at those phases. Since the phase- delaying effects of the cocktail were weaker than the summed effects of the component 50 pmol doses of the peptides, these data demonstrate a lack of synergism among the effects of these peptides. Since GRP1–27 (150 pmol) evoked shifts similar in magnitude to those of the cocktail, there is no evidence that these apparently colocalized neuropeptides must interact to exert maximal effects on the circadian pacemaker.

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Gastrin releasing peptide in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: An immunohistochemical, chromatographic and radioimmunological study

Cited by 64 publications

References 51 publications

The Substructure of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Similarities between Nocturnal and Diurnal Spiny Mice

The Substructure of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Similarities between Nocturnal and Diurnal Spiny Mice

The suprachiasmatic nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet ofArvicanthis niloticus, a diurnal murid rodent from East Africa

Neuropeptides phase shift the mammalian circadian pacemaker

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