Gastro-oesophageal candidiasis.

Scott, B B; Jenkins, David

doi:10.1136/gut.23.2.137

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…2001) could now be pinpointed as a public health problem. It has been suggested that high consumption of immunosuppressive drugs and H 2 ‐blockers, increase in application of invasive medical techniques, widespread use of wide‐range antibiotics (Scott and Jenkins 1982; Savino et al . 1994; Hazen 1995) and removal of competing bacterial microbiota of milk by pasteurization and sterilization (Viljoen and Greyling 1995; Viljoen 2001), all could provide the opportunity for yeasts to outgrow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FOODBORNE YEASTS SERVE AS RESERVOIRS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI

Salmanian

Siavoshi

Beyrami

et al. 2011

Journal of Food Safety

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It is not clear where Helicobacter pylori establishes in the environment and how it is transmitted to humans. Fifteen yeasts were isolated from 15 food samples. Microscopic examination of yeasts revealed fast‐moving bacterium‐like bodies (BLBs) inside the vacuoles of yeasts. Yeasts were identified as Candida species. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was recruited to detect H. pylori‐specific ureAB (urease) and babAB (BabA/B adhesins) genes in the total DNAs of yeasts. The ureAB gene was amplified from 9/15 yeasts and babAB from 2/15. Sequencing of the PCR products of ureAB (406 bp) and babAB (980 bp) genes that were amplified from one yoghurt yeast showed 98% homology with those of control H. pylori. Fluorescent microscopy of stained yeasts showed live BLBs inside the vacuoles. It is proposed that foodborne yeast which originates from the environment could accommodate H. pylori in nature and act as a vehicle for its transmission to the human gastrointestinal tract. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen and its entrance occurs through the ingestion of food. However, there is no strong evidence to show that food materials support the survival and growth of H. pylori and could play a crucial role in the bacterial transmission to humans. The intracellular existence of H. pylori in yeast could be important in the bacterial survival in the environment and its transmission. We propose that foodborne yeasts, which survive the stressful conditions during food processing, such as heat and sanitizers, could serve as potent reservoirs of H. pylori and facilitate its transmission to human. Occurrence of yeast in food materials could be considered as a possible marker for the bacterial contamination. Accordingly, reducing the yeast content of foods, through proper hygienic practice in food processing, might be crucial for the control of H. pylori and probably other bacterial infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FOODBORNE YEASTS SERVE AS RESERVOIRS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI

Salmanian

Siavoshi

Beyrami

et al. 2011

Journal of Food Safety

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“…2,8 Other factors, such as gender, smoking, tea or coffee intake, underlying disease, antibiotic usage, and immunosuppressive therapy, have not been shown to influence the rate of fungal infections of gastric ulcers. [9][10][11] In this study, the mean age of the patients with gastric candidiasis was 62. Of note, is that the cases with benign ulcers were older than were those with malignant ulcers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Gastric Candidiasis in Patients with Gastric Ulcer Disease: Are Antifungal Agents Necessary?

Jung

Jeon²,

Cho³

et al. 2009

Gut Liver

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Background/Aims: The inadequacy of information on the treatment of gastric candidiasis with antifungal agents promoted us to evaluate patients with fungal infections who had gastric ulcers and assess the need for proton-pump inhibitors or antifungal agents. Methods: Sixteen patients were included in the study. The criterion for the diagnosis of candidiasis was finding yeast and hyphae in the tissue or an ulcer on histological sections of biopsy samples. Surface fungi were not considered infections. Results: In all cases with benign ulcers, follow-up endoscopy performed 6 weeks after proton-pump-inhibitor treatment revealed that the ulcer had improved without antifungal medication. However, in patients with malignant ulcers, surgical resection was necessary for a definitive cure. Two patients with lymphoma received combined chemotherapy and a proton-pump inhibitor, which improved their condition. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that benign ulcers with candidiasis can be effectively treated by a proton-pump inhibitor without antifungal medication. However, surgical resection should be considered for malignant ulcers with candidiasis. (Gut and Liver 2009;3:31-34)

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“…A reliable diagnosis can only be made by direct visualization of the esophagus along with histological evidence of tissue invasion in biopsy material 22,21. However, clinical criteria may be accepted as a basis for initiating antifungal therapy in high risk patients.…”

Section: Candida Esophagitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, clinical criteria may be accepted as a basis for initiating antifungal therapy in high risk patients. The differential diagnosis of EC must include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), idiopathic HIV-ulcers, and viral esophagitis due to either cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex virus 1,20,21…”

Section: Candida Esophagitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal management of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis in patients living with HIV infection

Vázquez¹

2010

HIV

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Mucocutaneous candidiasis is frequently one of the first signs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Over 90% of patients with AIDS will develop oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) at some time during their illness. Although numerous antifungal agents are available, azoles, both topical (clotrimazole) and systemic (fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole) have replaced older topical antifungals (gentian violet and nystatin) in the management of oropharyngeal candidiasis in these patients. The systemic azoles, are generally safe and effective agents in HIV-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. A constant concern in these patients is relapse, which is dependent on the degree of immunosuppression commonly seen after topical therapy, rather than with systemic azole therapy. Candida esophagitis (CE) is also an important concern since it occurs in more than 10% of patients with AIDS and can lead to a decrease in oral intake and associated weight loss. Fluconazole has become the most widely used antifungal in the management of mucosal candidiasis. However, itraconazole and posaconazole have similar clinical response rates as fluconazole and are also effective alternative agents. In patients with fluconazole-refractory mucosal candidiasis, treatment options now include itraconazole solution, voriconazole, posaconazole, and the newer echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin).

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Gastro-oesophageal candidiasis.

Cited by 59 publications

References 4 publications

FOODBORNE YEASTS SERVE AS RESERVOIRS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI

FOODBORNE YEASTS SERVE AS RESERVOIRS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI

Treatment of Gastric Candidiasis in Patients with Gastric Ulcer Disease: Are Antifungal Agents Necessary?

Optimal management of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis in patients living with HIV infection

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