Gastrointestinal coronavirus disease 2019 manifestations in childhood

Sansotta, Naire; Norsa, Lorenzo; D’Antiga, Lorenzo

doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000825

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The ACE2 receptor and the TMPRSS2 are co-expressed not only in the lungs but also in the esophageal, gastric, and small and large intestinal mucosa, making the entire GI tract highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. 13 , 14 , 20 , 26 – 28 Of note, it seems that the expression of these proteins varies across ages. With increasing age, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions decrease in the GI tract while increasing in the lungs.…”

Section: Covid-19 and The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Afterward, they are released into the GI tract, causing direct damage to the enterocyte and viral shedding in the stool. 13 , 26 , 30 , 31 Fecal excretion of SARS-CoV-2 is common. 14 , 26 In an early study from China Hua et al detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces in 32/35 (91%) infected children, with viral shedding persisting up to 70 days.…”

Section: Covid-19 and The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 13 , 26 , 30 , 31 Fecal excretion of SARS-CoV-2 is common. 14 , 26 In an early study from China Hua et al detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces in 32/35 (91%) infected children, with viral shedding persisting up to 70 days. 31 This finding was confirmed in a 2022 meta-analysis reporting a pooled prevalence of fecal SARS-CoV-2 RNA in almost 9 of 10 infected children and 7 of 10 children who had turned negative in the respiratory specimen.…”

Section: Covid-19 and The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coronavirus disease 2019 and gastrointestinal disorders in children

Tjernberg

Malmborg

Mårild

2023

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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During the past 3 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a great impact on people all over the world. However, it has become evident that disease manifestations and severity differ across age groups. Most children have a milder disease course than adults but possibly more pronounced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Given the child’s developing immune system, the impact of COVID-19 on disease development may differ compared to adults. This study reviews the potential bi-directional relationship between COVID-19 and GI diseases in children, focusing on common pediatric conditions such as functional GI disorders (FGID), celiac disease (CeD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Children with GI diseases, in general, and CeD and IBD, in particular, do not seem to have an increased risk of severe COVID-19, including risks of hospitalization, critical care need, and death. While infections are considered candidate environmental factors in both CeD and IBD pathogenesis, and specific infectious agents are known triggers for FGID, there is still not sufficient evidence to implicate COVID-19 in the development of either of these diseases. However, given the scarcity of data and the possible latency period between environmental triggers and disease development, future investigations in this field are warranted.

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Section: Covid-19 and The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Covid-19 and The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Covid-19 and The Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coronavirus disease 2019 and gastrointestinal disorders in children

Tjernberg

Malmborg

Mårild

2023

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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“…Since the common coexistence of GI and respiratory disorders in COVID-19 infection[ 9 , 32 ] and the potential detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in both oral and rectal swabs[ 33 , 34 ], Zhou et al [ 35 ] suggested a possible involvement of the axis in COVID-19 pathogenesis (Figure 2 ). As a consequence, the COVID-19 infection might act as a trigger for cytokine storm leading to multiorgan dysfunction including the gut.…”

Section: The Gut-lung Axis In Covid-19 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota and COVID-19: An intriguing pediatric perspective

Valentino¹,

Esposito²,

Colosimo³

et al. 2022

WJCC

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Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement has been reported in approximately 50% of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is due to the pathogenic role of inflammation and the intestinal function of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its receptor. Accumulating adult data has pointed out that gut dysbiosis might occur in these patients with a potential impact on the severity of the disease, however the role of gut microbiota in susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 disease in children is still poorly known. During the last decades, the crosstalk between gut and lung has been largely recognized resulting in the concept of “gut-lung axis” as a central player in modulating the development of several diseases. Both organs are involved in the common mucosal immune system (including bronchus-associated and gut-associated lymphoid tissues) and their homeostasis is crucial for human health. In this framework, it has been found that the role of GI dysbiosis is affecting the homeostasis of the gut-liver axis. Of note, a gut microbiome imbalance has been linked to COVID-19 severity in adult subjects, but it remains to be clarified. Based on the increased risk of inflammatory diseases in children with COVID-19, the potential correlation between gut microbiota dysfunction and COVID-19 needs to be studied in this population. We aimed to summarize the most recent evidence on this striking aspect of COVID-19 in childhood.

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Post-infection gastrointestinal disorders and treatment options

Bekhtereva,

Bogdanova

2024

Medicinskij sovet

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The development of post-infectious pathology is determined by the type of pathogen, the genesis of damage to the intestinal barrier and the premorbid background of the child. On the scale of recent epidemiological events, attention is drawn to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has tropism for cells of the gastrointestinal tract, distorts the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome. The importance of the functions of intestinal microbes in the genesis and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been highlighted. It has been proven that a microbiota disorder with a new coronavirus infection affects not only the duration and severity of the infectious process, but also the risk of the formation of systemic diseases and malignant neoplasms. After the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, post-COVID-19 syndrome may occur, the pathophysiology of which has not yet been fully established. Although it is believed that the main reason for its appearance is the diversification of the intestinal microbial landscape against the background of the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the ACE2 receptors of intestinal epitheliocytes, followed by a pathoimmune response and impaired hemostasis. Established post-COVID-19 dysbiosis underlies functional gastrointestinal disorders with pronounced impairment in the brain-gut-microbiota axis and imbalance of the migrating motor complex, leading to the development of constipation. Post-infectious constipation debut within the first 3 months after an acute infection. The main goal of therapy for post-infectious constipation is to achieve regular painless defecation with soft-consistency stool and prevent feces. Numerous foreign studies and clinical guidelines indicate that stimulating laxatives are effective and safe in the treatment of constipation, include the children’s practice. Sodium picosulfate is considered one of the topical drugs of this group of laxatives.

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Gastrointestinal coronavirus disease 2019 manifestations in childhood

Cited by 3 publications

References 113 publications

Coronavirus disease 2019 and gastrointestinal disorders in children

Coronavirus disease 2019 and gastrointestinal disorders in children

Gut microbiota and COVID-19: An intriguing pediatric perspective

Post-infection gastrointestinal disorders and treatment options

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