Gastrointestinal motor inhibition by exogenous human, salmon, and eel calcitonin in conscious dogs

Abstract

Effects of synthetic eel (E-), salmon (S-), and human (H-) calcitonin (CT) on gastrointestinal motility were studied in conscious beagle dogs, which had been implanted with strain gauge force transducers. Intramuscular administration of E-, S-, or H-CT interrupted gastric migrating motor complexes, digestive pattern, and gastric emptying. The order of potency was E-CT = S-CT > H-CT. Motor inhibition induced by CT occurred independently of plasma immunoreactive motilin levels or hypocalcemia. In addition, E-CT and S-CT induced vomiting without a retrograde giant contraction (RGC) during the postprandial state. Apomorphine or CuSO4 initiated RGC prior to vomiting. RGC induced by apomorphine was inhibited by pretreatment with E-CT as well as hexamethonium, atropine, or surgical vagotomy. E-CT showed no inhibitory effect on nicotine stimulated contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. These results suggest that peripherally administered CT inhibits canine gastrointestinal motility at the central nervous system level by lowering vagal activity.

Solid gastric emptying mediated by the serotonin (5-HT)3 receptor in mice is a simple marker to predict emesis

“…Enhancement in gastric transit seemed to occur by hypersecretion of intestinal juice in the copper sulfate group. Emesis induced by copper sulfate in dogs, Suncus murinus and ferrets has been observed at 3 mg/kg (Nakamura et al, 1995), 120 mg/kg (Yamamoto et al, 2004) and 25 mg/kg or less (Costall et al, 1990), respectively, while delay of gastric emptying was observed in mice at 3 mg/kg or more by the bead methods in the present studies. Oral administration of copper sulfate induces kaolin consumption, analogous to emesis in rats, from 4 mg/kg or more (Takeda et al, 1993).…”

“…These were antispasmogenics (atropine and salmon calcitonin), nauseants (copper sulfate and apomorphine), and chemotherapeutics (cisplatin and doxorubicin). Atropine is known to have emetic actions in human, dogs and pigeons (King, 1990) and salmon calcitonin, a drug for osteoporosis, reported to have nausea and diarrhea as side effects in clinical use (Wüster et al, 1991), and to suppress gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility in dogs (Nakamura et al, 1995). Copper sulfate stimulates the terminals of the visceral afferents innervating the stomach wall in humans, dogs, cats, and ferrets (King, 1990) and apomorphine acts via the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in induce vomiting through dopamine D 2 receptors (Takeda et al, 1993(Takeda et al, , 1995a.…”

Epidural analgesia and gastrointestinal motility after open abdominal surgery-a review

“…The use of strain gauge force transducers (SGT) is a well known method to investigate gastrointestinal motility in animal models (Stemper et al, 1975;Nakamura et al, 1995;Ohashi et al, 2001). Contractile activity of the digestive tract is known to show a cyclic and propagating action under normal conditions.…”

Small Bowel Review ‐ Part II

“…Peripherally administered calcitonin inhibits canine gastrointestinal motility at the central nervous system level by lowering vagal activity (39). The myenteric circulation is responsive to adrenergic drugs, with resulting vasoconstriction in which there may be autoregulatory escape involving beta-adrenoceptor, purinergic and endothelial components (40).…”