Gastrointestinal Nematodes, Diagnosis and Control

Craig, Thomas M.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.10.008

Cited by 60 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…T. circumcincta is the most important species of the genus found in sheep but it occurs in a variety of other ruminants such as goats and camels. This species has been reported from sheep, goats, wild sheep and camels in different parts of Iran [1,18,[41][42][43][44]. Naem et al [41] showed that 38% of sheep of Mazandaran province, located at the eastern part of Guilan, were infected with this parasite [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported from two persons in central part of Iran and one person in Azerbaijan of former Soviet Union [3]. T. circumcincta, which was originally placed in the genus Ostertagia, is a parasitic nematode of gastric glands of the stomach that infects sheep and goats all around the world and leads to weight loss, decreased wool production and death [18]. The prevalence rates of 17.3 to 47.2% for T. circumcincta have been reported in sheep and goats in different provinces of Iran [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoonotic transmission of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus species in Guilan province, northern Iran: molecular and morphological characterizations

et al. 2020

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Background: Parasitic trichostrongyloid nematodes have a worldwide distribution in ruminants and frequently have been reported from humans in Middle and Far East, particularly in rural communities with poor personal hygiene and close cohabitation with herbivorous animals. Different species of the genus Trichostrongylus are the most common trichostrongyloids in humans in endemic areas. Also, Ostertagia species are gastrointestinal nematodes that mainly infect cattle, sheep and goats and in rare occasion humans. The aim of the present study was to identify the trichostrongyloid nematodes obtained from a familial infection in Guilan province, northern Iran, using morphological and molecular criteria. Methods: After anthelmintic treatment, all fecal materials of the patients were collected up to 48 h and male adult worms were isolated. Morphological identification of the adult worms was performed using valid nematode keys. Genomic DNA was extracted from one male worm of each species. PCR amplification of ITS2-rDNA region was carried out, and products were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence data was performed using MEGA 6.0 software. Results: Adult worms expelled from the patients were identified as T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus and Teladorsagia circumcincta based on morphological characteristics of the males. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that each species obtained in current study was placed together with reference sequences submitted to GenBank database. Conclusions: The finding of current study confirms the zoonotic aspect of Trichostrongylus species and T. circumcincta in inhabitants of Guilan province. The occurrence of natural human infection by T. circumcincta is reported for the first time in Iran and the second time in the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic transmission of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus species in Guilan province, northern Iran: molecular and morphological characterizations

et al. 2020

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“…levamisole) and macrocyclic lactones (e.g. ivermectin) [8]. The effective strategic control of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections also requires understanding of the prevalence of these parasites within the given environment and the risk factors that are associated with their transmission [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of strongyle nematode infections and first report of benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus in goats in South Darfur State, Sudan

et al. 2019

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Background Since pastoralists in South Darfur, Sudan, had complained about lack of albendazole (ABZ) efficacy to control nematodes in goats, the frequency of infection with gastrointestinal helminths was studied before in vivo faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) were conducted using ABZ orally either at the dose recommended for sheep, 5 mg/kg body weight (bw) or at 10 mg/kg bw. Experiments included goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes or experimentally infected with local Haemonchus contortus isolates. Three study areas (Nyala, Beleil and Kass) were visited in autumn or winter. Results Out of 478 screened goats, 82.4% were infected with gastrointestinal helminths and 82% were shedding eggs of strongyle nematodes with 90% of the strongyle larvae representing Haemonchus spp. A FECRT using naturally infected goats ( n = 225: 71 untreated, 104 and 50 treated with 5 and 10 mg ABZ/kg bw, respectively) detected reduced ABZ efficacy in Nyala and Kass. Paired and unpaired FECRT calculations detected reductions of 72–92% with samples taken at 8 days post treatment with 5 mg ABZ/kg bw and of 85–94% with 10 mg ABZ/kg bw. The FECRT based on day 14 post treatment samples showed reductions of 69–77% with 5 mg/kg and of 75–87% with 10 mg ABZ/kg bw. In Beleil, ABZ efficacy was 95%. In the egg hatch test EC 50 values for Nyala and Kass ranged from 0.12–0.24 μg thiabendazole/ml, corresponding to benzimidazole resistant phenotypes. Only Haemonchus spp. larvae were present after treatments in coprocultures. When the efficacy was evaluated experimentally using isolates of H. contortus from Nyala and Kass, the 5 mg ABZ/kg dose revealed reductions of 76–78% on day 8 and of 62–70% on day 14 with the unpaired method. Using 10 mg ABZ/kg, the FECR was still only 77–82%. Conclusions Both, in vivo and in vitro methods detected resistant H. contortus populations in goats from South Darfur State. The time point 14 days post treatment was more sensitive for detection of ABZ resistance than 8 days post treatment. This is the first report on the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance in Sudan confirming that anthelmintic resistance selection is occurring in African subsistence farming systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1937-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are potentially the most important cause of economic loss in the livestock industry when the stocking rate is high and the nutritional intake is limited (CRAIG, 2018). In tropical areas, where the temperature is favourable for larval development, GIN infection may be responsible for annual losses high than 25% of the herd (WALLER & CHANDRAWATHANI, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop residues activity against the free-living stages of small ruminant nematodes

Salles

Braga

Nascimento

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The nematicidal effect of different organic materials was evaluated in order to develop a non-chemical alternative soil treatment for control of the free-living stages of small ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. The selected organic materials were residues from the juice industry of acerola, cashew, grape, guava, papaya and pineapple, as well as castor residue from the biodiesel industry. LC90 results showed that pineapple residue was the most efficient inhibitor of larval development, followed by castor, grape, cashew, acerola, guava and papaya. Castor residue was also a good source of nitrogen and was used in a greenhouse experiment to prevent larval development in contaminated goat faeces that was deposited in pots containing the grasses Brachiaria brizantha (var. Paiaguás) or Megathyrsus maximus x M. infestum (var. Massai). Castor residue caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction (85.04%) in Paiaguás grass contamination (L3.dry mass-1) and a reduction of 17.35% in Massai grass contamination (P > 0.05), with an increase in the biomass production of Massai (251.43%, P < 0.05) and Paiaguás (109.19%, P > 0.05) grasses. This strategy, called Econemat®, with good results in vitro shows to be promising on pasture increasing phytomass production.

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Gastrointestinal Nematodes, Diagnosis and Control

Cited by 60 publications

References 24 publications

Zoonotic transmission of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus species in Guilan province, northern Iran: molecular and morphological characterizations

Zoonotic transmission of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus species in Guilan province, northern Iran: molecular and morphological characterizations

Epidemiology of strongyle nematode infections and first report of benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus in goats in South Darfur State, Sudan

Crop residues activity against the free-living stages of small ruminant nematodes

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