Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders in Older Age

Dumić, Igor; Nordin, Terri; Jecmenica, Mladen; Lalosevic, Milica Stojkovic; Milosavljević, Tomica; Milovanović, Tamara

doi:10.1155/2019/6757524

Cited by 196 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 194 publications

(244 reference statements)

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“…Etiologic factors include polypharmacy (especially with antihypertensives, antidepressants, and antipsychotics) [46], diseases, poor general health, female sex, and older age [47,48]. Furthermore, radiation for head and neck cancers can damage salivary glands, leading to permanent xerostomia [49]. With aging, there is also a reduced salivary flow in salivary glands, which cannot be explained only on the basis of medications [50].…”

Section: Dry Mouthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor Oral Health as a Determinant of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia

et al. 2019

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Aging is accompanied by profound changes in many physiological functions, leading to a decreased ability to cope with stressors. Many changes are subtle, but can negatively affect nutrient intake, leading to overt malnutrition. Poor oral health may affect food selection and nutrient intake, leading to malnutrition and, consequently, to frailty and sarcopenia. On the other hand, it has been highlighted that sarcopenia is a whole-body process also affecting muscles dedicated to chewing and swallowing. Hence, muscle decline of these muscle groups may also have a negative impact on nutrient intake, increasing the risk for malnutrition. The interplay between oral diseases and malnutrition with frailty and sarcopenia may be explained through biological and environmental factors that are linked to the common burden of inflammation and oxidative stress. The presence of oral problems, alone or in combination with sarcopenia, may thus represent the biological substratum of the disabling cascade experienced by many frail individuals. A multimodal and multidisciplinary approach, including personalized dietary counselling and oral health care, may thus be helpful to better manage the complexity of older people. Furthermore, preventive strategies applied throughout the lifetime could help to preserve both oral and muscle function later in life. Here, we provide an overview on the relevance of poor oral health as a determinant of malnutrition and sarcopenia.

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Section: Dry Mouthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor Oral Health as a Determinant of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia

et al. 2019

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“…It is noteworthy that the changes in the contractility follow the same pattern displayed by the amplitude of the molecular clock, i.e., an enhancement in elderly individuals. Given that our results have been obtained in descending and sigma colon, a zone of resistance to colonic content that delivers it only upon defecation [38], a higher reactivity to agonist could facilitate constipation, which is more frequent in elderly [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The circadian disruption discussed above is likely related to the functional changes induced by aging. This condition has a direct deleterious effect in the function of visceral smooth muscle both in animal models [33,34] and in the human gastrointestinal system [35,36]. The fact that melatonin prevents these modifications in visceral smooth muscle [28,34,37] suggests a role of chronodisruption in these changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Induced Differential Changes in the Central and Colonic Human Circadian Oscillators

Camello-Almaraz

Martín-Cano

Santos³

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Aging modifies not only multiple cellular and homeostatic systems, but also biological rhythms. The circadian system is driven by a central hypothalamic oscillator which entrains peripheral oscillators, in both cases underlain by circadian genes. Our aim was to characterize the effect of aging in the circadian expression of clock genes in the human colon. Ambulatory recordings of the circadian rhythms of skin wrist temperature, motor activity and the integrated variable TAP (temperature, activity and position) were dampened by aging, especially beyond 74 years of age. On the contrary, quantitative analysis of genes expression in the muscle layer of colonic explants during 24 h revealed that the circadian expression of Bmal1, Per1 and Clock genes, was larger beyond that age. In vitro experiments showed that aging induced a parallel increase in the myogenic contractility of the circular colonic muscle. This effect was not accompanied by enhancement of Ca2+ signals. In conclusion, we describe here for the first time the presence of a molecular oscillator in the human colon. Aging has a differential effect on the systemic circadian rhythms, that are impaired by aging, and the colonic oscillator, that is strengthened in parallel with the myogenic contractility.

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“…Penurunan sekresi asam lambung dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan yang berlebihan pada bakteri usus halus dan terjadinya malabsoprsi. 46 Gastritis atropik berdampak pada bioavailabilitas vitamin B12, zat besi, dan kalsium. Keasaman diperlukan untuk oksidasi zat besi feri menjadi zat besi fero yang kemudian disimpan dalam larutan dengan pH yang lebih tinggi pada proksimal usus halus untuk kemudian diabsorpsi.…”

Section: Metodeunclassified

Pengaruh Suplementasi Zat Besi Terhadap Fungsi Kognitif Lansia

et al. 2020

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Latar belakang: Penurunan fungsi sel otak pada lansia berdampak pada terjadinya penurunan daya berpikir dan kehidupan psikis, sosial, dan aktivitas fisik. Kebutuhan zat besi yang tercukupi memiliki dampak positif pada fungsi kognitif lansia.Tujuan:Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh suplementasi zat besi terhadap fungsi kognitif lansia.Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental dengan rancangan pre-post control group design. Subjek penelitian adalah 26 lansia usia 60-77 tahun yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Suplemen zat besi berupa NaFe EDTA diberikan pada kelompok perlakuan sebanyak 1 tablet (15 mg) selama 10 minggu, sedangkan kelompok kontrol diberikan plasebo. Penilaian fungsi kognitif dilakukan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) yang dilakukan pada sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Asupan makan subjek selama intervensi diperoleh dengan metode 24 jam food recall 1x/minggu selama intervensi. Pengukuran kadar hemoglobin dilakukan menggunakan alat Hb-meter. Penilaian aktivitas fisik dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE). Penilaian kualitas tidur dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Wilcoxon, independent sample t-test, dan Mann Whitney.Hasil: Fungsi kognitif 1 (4%) orang subjek sebelum intervensi tergolong tidak normal. Sebanyak 7 (27%) subjek memiliki kadar hemoglobin normal sebelum intervensi. Terdapat peningkatan skor MMSE pada kelompok perlakuan (p<0,05) dan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05) setelah dilakukan intervensi. Uji bivariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan peningkatan skor MMSE yang bermakna (p=0,88) antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol, namun rerata skor MMSE kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi.Simpulan: Suplementasi zat besi selama 10 minggu mampu meningkatkan skor MMSE namun tidak ada beda secara statistik antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol.

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Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders in Older Age

Cited by 196 publications

References 194 publications

Poor Oral Health as a Determinant of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia

Poor Oral Health as a Determinant of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia

Age-Induced Differential Changes in the Central and Colonic Human Circadian Oscillators

Pengaruh Suplementasi Zat Besi Terhadap Fungsi Kognitif Lansia

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