Gastrokine-2 is transiently expressed in the endodermal and endothelial cells of the maturing mouse yolk sac

Antas, Veronica I.; Brigden, Kurt W. L.; Prudence, Alexander J.A.; Fraser, Stuart T.

doi:10.1016/j.gep.2014.09.004

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Co-IF analysis shows the presence of TPH1 restricted to the cells expressing CD326 (Fig. 3D and G), a membrane proteins expressed in the yolk sac visceral endoderm (VE) [34]. The expression in VE was specific, as TPH1 labeling was absent from SM22alpha+ mesoderm cells [35], and CD31+ endothelium cells (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential patterning of genes involved in serotonin metabolism and transport in extra-embryonic tissues of the mouse

Choi

Levitt

2016

Placenta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neuromodulator, but recently has been shown to be involved in neurodevelopment. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the placenta is a major source of forebrain 5-HT during early forebrain development, the processes of how 5-HT production, metabolism, and transport from placenta to fetus are regulated are unknown. As an initial step in determining the mechanisms involved, we investigated the expression patterns of genes critical for 5-HT system function in mouse extraembryonic tissues. Methods Mid- through late gestation expression of 5-HT system-related enzymes, Tph1, Ddc, Maoa, and 5-HT transporters, Sert/Slc6a4, Oct3/Slc22a3, Vmat2/Slc18a2, and 5-HT in placenta and yolk sac were examined, with cell type-specific resolution, using multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization to co-localize transcripts and immunocytochemistry to co-localize the corresponding proteins and neurotransmitter. Results Tph1 and Ddc are found in the syncytiotrophoblast I (SynT-I) and sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells (S-TGC), whereas Maoa is expressed in SynT-I, syncytiotrophoblast II (SynT-II) and S-TGC. Oct3 expression is observed in the SynT-II only, while Vmat2 is mainly expressed in S-TGC. Surprisingly, there were comparatively high expression of Tph1, Ddc, and Maoa in the yolk sac visceral endoderm. Discussion In addition to trophoblast cells, visceral endoderm cells in the yolk sac may contribute to fetal 5-HT production. The findings raise the possibility of a more complex regulation of 5-HT access to the fetus through the differential roles of trophoblasts that surround maternal and fetal blood space and of yolk sac endoderm prior to normal degeneration.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential patterning of genes involved in serotonin metabolism and transport in extra-embryonic tissues of the mouse

Choi

Levitt

2016

Placenta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Transcriptome analysis of the maturing yolk sac revealed changes of expression of genes previously only observed in the gastric epithelium. This includes Gastrokine-2, a small peptide normally produced by gastric epithelial cells, which we found was strongly expressed by visceral endodermal cells at E12.5 when hematopoietic activity in the yolk sac is coming to an end [22]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the embryonic erythropoietic niche: a future perspective

2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The production of red blood cells, termed erythropoiesis, occurs in two waves in the developing mouse embryo: first primitive erythropoiesis followed by definitive erythropoiesis. In the mouse embryo, both primitive and definitive erythropoiesis originates in the extra-embryonic yolk sac. The definitive wave then migrates to the fetal liver, fetal spleen and fetal bone marrow as these organs form. The fetal liver serves as the major organ for hematopoietic cell expansion and erythroid maturation after mid-gestation. The erythropoietic niche, which expresses critical cytokines such as stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO) and the insulin-like growth factors IGF1 and IGF2, supports hematopoietic expansion in the fetal liver. Previously, our group demonstrated that DLK1+ hepatoblasts support fetal liver hematopoiesis through erythropoietin and SCF release as well as extracellular matrix deposition. Loss of DLK1+ hepatoblasts in Map2k4−/− mouse embryos resulted in decreased numbers of hematopoietic cells in fetal liver. Genes encoding proteinases and peptidases were found to be highly expressed in DLK1+ hepatoblasts. Capitalizing on this knowledge, and working on the assumption that these proteinases and peptidases are generating small, potentially biologically active peptides, we assessed a range of peptides for their ability to support erythropoiesis in vitro. We identified KS-13 (PCT/JP2010/067011) as an erythropoietic peptide-a peptide which enhances the production of red blood cells from progenitor cells. Here, we discuss the elements regulating embryonic erythropoiesis with special attention to niche cells, and demonstrate how this knowledge can be applied in the identification of niche-derived peptides with potential therapeutic capability.

show abstract

“…These nine genes included tumor-suppressor genes (Gkn2 and Rgs4), an apoptosis-inducing gene (Fndc1), differentiation/patterning- regulating genes (Fst,Dlx4,Fgfrl1,Bmper,and Car8), and a gene with unknown function (Sh3d21). Gkn2 expression is localized to the spongiotrophoblast layer and the endoderm cell layer of the mouse placenta (Antas et al, 2014;Fahlbusch et al, 2015). GKN2 was implicated in the migration of trophoblasts within the placentas and hematopoietic progenitors from the yolk sac to the embryo proper.…”

Section: Prediction Of Sfmbt2 Mirna Target Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rodent-Specific MicroRNA Cluster within the Sfmbt2 Gene Is Imprinted and Essential for Placental Development

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent small noncoding RNAs that are involved in physiological and developmental processes by posttranscriptionally inhibiting gene expression. One of the largest miRNA clusters in mice is located in intron 10 of the Sfmbt2 gene, containing 72 miRNA precursor sequences. In this study, we generated mice lacking the entire Sfmbt2 miRNA cluster to elucidate its functions during development. The Sfmbt2 miRNAs were expressed predominantly from the paternal allele in the placenta, as is the host Sfmbt2 gene. Loss of the paternal allele resulted in severely impaired development of the placenta, especially the spongiotrophoblast layer, and frequent lethality or defects of fetuses. The predicted target sequences of the miRNAs and gene expression analysis defined at least nine putative target genes, which function as tumor suppressors or apoptosis inducers. Our study has provided experimental evidence for the indispensable roles of placental miRNAs in trophoblast proliferation and thus fetal development.

show abstract

Gastrokine-2 is transiently expressed in the endodermal and endothelial cells of the maturing mouse yolk sac

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Differential patterning of genes involved in serotonin metabolism and transport in extra-embryonic tissues of the mouse

Differential patterning of genes involved in serotonin metabolism and transport in extra-embryonic tissues of the mouse

Regulation of the embryonic erythropoietic niche: a future perspective

The Rodent-Specific MicroRNA Cluster within the Sfmbt2 Gene Is Imprinted and Essential for Placental Development

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About