Gastroprotective Effects of Periplaneta americana L. Extract Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice by Suppressing Apoptosis-Related Pathways

Abstract

Although Periplaneta americana L. and its modern preparation, Kangfuxin liquid, have been extensively applied for ulcerative diseases in gastrointestinal tract (e.g., gastric ulcer (GU) and ulcerative colitis, the effective components and potential mechanisms) remain unclear. In accordance with the accumulating research evidences, the relieving/exacerbating of GU is noticeably correlated to focal tissue programmed cell death. Herein, gastro-protective effects of the effective Periplaneta americana L. extract (PAE) fraction were assessed in vitro and in vivo, involving in programmed cell death-related signaling channels. To screen the effective PAE fraction exerting gastroprotective effects, several PAE fractions were gained based on a wide range of ethanol solution concentration, and they were assessed on ethanol-induced ulcer mice. Based on HPLC investigation with the use of nucleosides, the chemical composition of screened effective PAE, extracted by 20% ethanol, was analyzed in terms of quality control. Based on CCK-8 assay, the protective effects on GES-1 cells, impaired by ethanol, of PAE were assessed. After 3 days pre-treatment with PAE (200, 400, 800 mg/kg), the gastric lesions were assessed by tissue morphology, and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining, as well as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) based histopathology-related investigation. The levels for inflammation cytokines (IL1-β, TNF-α, IL-18, PGE2, and IL-6), antioxidant indices (SOD and MDA) were examined via ELISA. In the meantime, based on Western Blotting assay, the expression levels of some programmed cell death-related protein targets (NLRP3, caspase-1, NF-κB p65, MyD88, and TLR4) were analyzed. As revealed from the results, PAE is capable of alleviating gastric mucosa impairment, suppressing the inflammatory cytokines, and down-regulating the MyD88/NF-κB channels. Accordingly, 20% ethanol extract of Periplaneta americana L. would contribute its gastroprotective effects, thereby providing the evidence that its anti-GU mechanisms correlated with inhibiting programmed cell death channel.

Case report: Recombinant human epidermal growth factor gel plus kangfuxin solution in the treatment of aplasia cutis congenita in a case with Adams–Oliver syndrome

“…Some infants with severe ACC require skin grafting to prevent bleeding and infection (18,19). Kangfuxin solution (Periplaneta americana L. extract) is used for trauma wounds, ulcers, fistulas, burns, scalds, and bedsores (20,21). The current authors combined recombinant human epidermal growth factor gel with kangfuxin solution in an external application to successfully treat a scalp defect wound.…”

Periplaneta americana Extract Pretreatment Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Increases the Abundance of Gut Akkermansia muciniphila in Diquat-Induced Mice

“…A similar finding in other research showed that PAE promoted wound healing by enhancing the activation of JAK1/2 and STAT3, but this was irrespective of NF-κB and Wnt signaling [ 36 ]. However, on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer mice, PAE was capable of lowering the stimulation of the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-covering 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 channel, while impacting inflammation by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines (IL-18, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) [ 24 ]. Instead of decreasing the proinflammatory capacity, we believe that PAE primarily mitigates diquat-triggered inflammation by improving the anti-inflammatory capacity, particularly IL-10 and its mediated JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.…”

“…Peripla neta americana extract (PAE) is a mixture obtained by extracting Periplaneta americana with ethanol, comprising polyols, dopamine, peptides (such as thymosin, dipeptide, and antimicrobial peptides), nucleosides, viscous sugar amino acids, amino acids, coumarin, epidermal growth factors, and other unclear active components [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. PAE can promote wound healing and has been explored in some inflammatory diseases with a good therapeutic effect, such as ulcerative colitis (UC), gastric ulcer, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis B [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. At present, the research, generally, has focused on the treatment and repair effects of PAE, while the research on the pre-protective effect has been limited.…”

Development of microparticles for oral administration of Periplaneta americana extract to treat ulcerative colitis

“…The dried Periplaneta americana body was blended to fine powder and was soaked in 90 v/v % ethanol solution for 12 hours (Fu et al, 2021 ; Hua-ShengYong-Ming et al, 2021 ). Then the mixture was incubated in a water bath at 60 °C (Gongyi Yuhua Instrument Co. Ltd, Henan, China) for 1 hour and filtered by 0.22 μm PES filter.…”