Gate-to-Gate Life Cycle Inventory and Model of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-Enhanced Oil Recovery

Skone, Timothy J; James, Robert E.; Cooney, Greg; Jamieson, Matt; Littlefield, James; Marriott, Joe

doi:10.2172/1515261

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Rates of fluid production were major inputs to the model, as well as other process key to GHG relation to the CO 2 -EOR operation, such as fluid injection (CO 2 and brine), gas and liquid separation, gas compression, crude and brine storage, gas venting and flaring, produced gas, gas combustion for heat, and gas separation. Initially gas separation was taken into consideration analyzing three common processing techniques; Ryan-Homes, refrigeration/fractionation, and membrane [15]. They were each taken into account in this gate to gate LCA.…”

Section: Life Cycle Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific FWU fluid volumes, incremental oil recovery, produced brine, gas injection, and production were used for Task 1. Other comparable data to DOE-NETL (2013) [15,28], and NETL Unit Process Library [32] were also utilized in the study. Fractionation/refrigeration operates by chilling a gas stream, which separates CO 2 from hydrocarbon (HC) gases.…”

Section: Life Cycle Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This comes with a pre-treatment; compression of gas to about 3.45 MPa, dehydration, and chilling. Energy requirements and material usage vary widely among these techniques [15].…”

Section: Life Cycle Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a necessary analysis, because CO 2 -EOR involves operations that may contribute to GHG emissions. These operations include processes from the upstream sector (capture and separation of carbon dioxide, facility construction and pipeline transportation), gate to gate (carbon dioxide dehydration, drilling of wells, oil production and processing, constructions of facilities, land usage, gas separation as well as venting and flaring) and down-stream sector (crude transport, refining and fuel combustion) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to undertake LCA, specific boundaries or areas of interest are to be determined for the analysis. There have been a number of studies that have looked into GHG emissions and its relation to the operations of CO 2 -EOR [1,4,[14][15][16][17]. The focus of this LCA is to estimate the total GHG emissions from the Farnsworth Unit (FWU) CO 2 -EOR operation and further forecast emissions for another period of 18 years, a period proposed by the field operators to continue CO 2 injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Gate-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment for the CO2-EOR Operations at Farnsworth Unit (FWU)

2021

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to the Farnsworth Unit’s (FWU) carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) operations were accounted for through a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) for a period of about 10 years, since start of injection to 2020, and predictions of 18 additional years of the CO2-EOR operation were made. The CO2 source for the FWU project has been 100% anthropogenically derived from the exhaust of an ethanol plant and a fertilizer plant. A cumulative amount of 5.25 × 106 tonnes of oil has been recovered through the injection of 1.64 × 106 tonnes of purchased CO2, of which 92% was stored during the 10-year period. An LCA analysis conducted on the various unit emissions of the FWU process yielded a net negative (positive storage) of 1.31 × 106 tonnes of CO2 equivalent, representing 79% of purchased CO2. An optimized 18-year forecasted analysis estimated 86% storage of the forecasted 3.21 × 106 tonnes of purchased CO2 with an equivalent 2.90 × 106 tonnes of crude oil produced by 2038. Major contributors to emissions were flaring/venting and energy usage for equipment. Improvements on the energy efficiency of equipment would reduce emissions further but this could be challenging. Improvement of injection capacity and elimination of venting/flaring or fugitive gas are methods more likely to be utilized for reducing net emissions and are the cases used for the optimized scenario in this work. This LCA illustrated the potential for the CO2-EOR operations in the FWU to store more CO2 with minimal emissions.

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Section: Life Cycle Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Life Cycle Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This comes with a pre-treatment; compression of gas to about 3.45 MPa, dehydration, and chilling. Energy requirements and material usage vary widely among these techniques [15].…”

Section: Life Cycle Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%