Gated stepped-frequency ground penetrating radar

M-Sequence Ground-Penetrating Radar With Novel Front-End Concept

“…If compared to frequency-modulated radars suggested for GPR purposes e.g. in [14] and [15], the M-sequence radar features simpler design with higher versatility and uses less components with critical tolerances. The previous work of the authors on the M-sequence GPR, concentrated on its receiving front-end, is documented in [16].…”

Hydrogeological investigation of subsurface of Cukurkoy surroundings (Denizli)

“…Bu nedenle yer radarı çalışmalarında su tablası sınırı elektromanyetik dalgalar için çok kuvvetli bir yansıma yüzeyi olup, elektromanyetik dalgaların bu direnç karşısında ilerlemesi oldukça zordur. Dolayısıyla bu sınır, yani su tablası seviyesi kolay bir şekilde büyük bir duyarlılıkla tespit edilebilmektedir [2], [3].…”

Preliminary design of a space system operating a ground-penetrating radar

“…If the propagation medium is air ε r = 1, whereas ε r ∈ [2,16] for terrain of archaeological interest [15]. As a consequence, penetration resolution can be improved with respect to slant range one up to 400%.…”

“…As a consequence, penetration resolution can be improved with respect to slant range one up to 400%. This effect can be considered as a chirp bandwidth enlargement, which can be exploited to discriminate subsurface echoes by means of gating techniques [16]. In other words the sensor has to be pulse-limited, rather than beam-limited as in conventional Synthetic Aperture Radar processing, due to the stronger surface backscattered echo, which has to be removed from the collected electromagnetic returns.…”