GC-MS analysis of bioactive components and biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hybanthus enneaspermus at room temperature evaluation of their stability and its larvicidal activity

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Hybanthus enneaspermus extract at room temperature that act as a reducing agent as well as capping agent has been investigated. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The silver surface plasmon resonance was observed at 420 nm in the UV-visible spectrum. XRD peaks were observed at 2θ values in 38.20°, 44.40°, 64.60°, and 77.50° which are indexed as (111), (200), (220), and (311) bands of face-centered cubic (fcc) structures of silver. FTIR revealed the AgNPs were capped with plant compounds of alcohol, phenols, carbonyl, amines, and amide functional groups. TEM image shows that the particles were of spherical, hexagonal, and triangular in shape, and the size range was 16-26 nm. Further, DLS exhibits the average size of 25.2 nm and the zeta values were measured (-27.1 mV) which proves the stability of the AgNPs. The conversion of Ag(+) ions into Ag(0) was calculated using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and was found to be 96 %. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed the larvicidal activity with the LC50 values of 17.24 and 13.12 mg/L against the fourth-instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus and Culex quinquefasciatus, respectively. The GC-MS analysis of the plant extract showed that 39 bioactive phytochemical compounds have been found to possess a wide range of activities, which may help in the protection against incurable diseases.

Discovery and mechanistic studies of cytotoxic cyclotides from the medicinal herb Hybanthus enneaspermus

“…Of the 433 cyclotides described in CyBase (http://www.cybase.org.au/), 259 occur in violaceous plants (29,30). The violaceous herb Hybanthus enneaspermus Linn F. Muell (H. enneaspermus) is an Indian traditional medicinal herb with a wide range of medicinal applications, including anticonvulsant (31), free radical scavenging (31), nephroprotective (32), antiarthritic (33), larvicidal (34), anti-anemic (35), antidiabetic (36), hepatoprotective (37,38), and aphrodisiac activities (39). A previous study suggested the existence of cyclotides in this plant based on mRNA analysis, but only two partial sequences were reported (40).…”

Green synthesis, characterisation and bioactivity of plant‐mediated silver nanoparticles using Decalepis hamiltonii root extract

“…There was four fold reduction of protein and total polyphenols content between plant extract and synthesised aqueous SNPs (Table 2). This is mainly because the plant mediated SNPs involves the sequential steps in the reduction and stabilisation of NPs by capping and thus substantial amount of proteins are utilised as a reducing and capping agents [31, 32].…”

Fabrication and characterization of noble crystalline silver nanoparticles from Pimenta dioica leave extract and analysis of chemical constituents for larvicidal applications

“…GC–MS and LC-MS analysis of Pimenta dioica leaf extract revealed the existence of various compounds that might be accountable for the fabrication of AgNPs and larvicidal behavior of leaf extract. Methanolic extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus reported 39 compounds through GC–MS analysis reported activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, parasite inhibitor and anticancer ( Suman et al, 2016 ). GC–MS analysis of Ammannia baccifera aerial extract have 34 compounds major of them pyrogallol, n-hexadecanoic acid and guansoine which possess medicinal activities ( Suman et al, 2013 ).…”