GC–MS analysis of the ruminal metabolome response to thiamine supplementation during high grain feeding in dairy cows

Abstract

IntroductionThiamine is known to attenuate high-concentrate diet induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.ObjectivesThe major objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic mechanisms of thiamine supplementation on high-concentrate diet induced SARA.MethodsSix multiparous, rumen-fistulated Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The treatments included a control diet (CON; 20% starch, dry matter basis), a SARA-inducing diet (SAID; 33.2% starch, dry matter basis) and SARA-inducing diet supplemented with 180 mg of thiamine/kg of dry matter intake (SAID + T). On d21 of each period, ruminal fluid samples were collected at 3 h post feeding, and GC/MS was used to analyze rumen fluid samples.ResultsPCA and OPLS-DA analysis demonstrated that the ruminal metabolite profile were different in three treatments. Compared with CON treatment, SAID feeding significantly decreased rumen pH, acetate, succinic acid, increased propionate, pyruvate, lactate, glycine and biogenic amines including spermidine and putrescine. Thiamine supplementation significantly decreased rumen content of propionate, pyruvate, lactate, glycine and spermidine; increase rumen pH, acetate and some medium-chain fatty acids. The enrichment analysis of different metabolites indicated that thiamine supplementation mainly affected carbohydrates, amino acids, pyruvate and thiamine metabolism compared with SAID treatment.ConclusionsThese findings revealed that thiamine supplementation could attenuate high-concentrate diet induced SARA by increasing pyruvate formate-lyase activity to promote pyruvate to generate acetyl-CoA and inhibit lactate generation. Besides, thiamine reduced biogenic amines to alleviate ruminal epithelial inflammatory response.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11306-018-1362-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Dynamic alterations in rumen bacterial community and metabolome characteristics in response to feed nutrient levels of cashmere goats

“…Hence, the level of 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid in Group H with higher protein diets was signi cantly higher than that in Group C. In this study, catechol as an antioxidant [72,73] was positively related to the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_2 and Prevotella_1, which might imply that high energy and protein levels in Group H could enhance the catechol concentration by these two genera. Xue et al [74] reported that the content of spermidine increased in the group of high concentrate diets compared with moderate concentration of diets, which is in line with our study. Furthermore, correlation analysis in this study revealed that spermidine had high positive relationships…”

Reconstruction and Analysis of Cattle Metabolic Networks in Normal and Acidosis Rumen Tissue

“…Hernández et al (2014) reported a significant increase in the rumen VFA concentration (150-225 mM) of the caws under ruminal acidosis [6]. Previous studies have reported that in acidosis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the rumen down-regulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression (SCD1) and demonstrated up-regulation of the genes involved fatty acid β-oxidation [10]. The present results of the gene expression profile assay indicated the obvious pattern as up-regulation of the genes CPT1A, ALDH9A1and TSPAN12, associated with the fatty acid oxidation and down-regulation of SCD (stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase) in the acidosis group.…”

“…System level understanding of the bovine metabolism and relationship with their products is essential in cow breeding. However, several in vivo studies have demonstrated changes in some genes expression within the rumen tissue in response to the acidosis, but the functional and molecular host mechanisms are mostly unknown [8][9][10].…”

Metagenomic Insights into Effects of Thiamine Supplementation on Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes’ Profile in Dairy Cows Fed High-Concentrate Diets

“…Our previous studies found that thiamine supplementation could effectively attenuate subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) induced by a high-grain diet through buffering ruminal pH, shifting rumen fermentation pattern, and balancing the structure of ruminal microorganisms [12,13]. Thiamine (C 12 H 16 N 4 OS), also known as vitamin B1, plays a critical role in carbohydrate metabolism [14] and has been proved to be the co-enzyme of pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) which promotes pyruvate hydrolyzing into acetyl-CoA and reduces the accumulation of lactate [13]. The promoted reaction of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA may benefit ruminal carbohydrate metabolism.…”