GC-MS analysis of young and mature wild agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) and its antioxidant potential

Batubara, Ridwanti; Hanum, Tirza; Affandi, Oding

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012038

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The cost, labour, time and environmental impact of these sample preparation methods is significant, with SFE being more environmentally friendly (Hamed et al, 2023). Batubara et al (2021) developed a serial maceration method to isolate quercetin from ethanol and methanol. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are used for qualitative and quantitative studies of plant compounds (Kleinenkuhnen et al, 2019;Batubara et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Batubara et al (2021) developed a serial maceration method to isolate quercetin from ethanol and methanol. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are used for qualitative and quantitative studies of plant compounds (Kleinenkuhnen et al, 2019;Batubara et al, 2021). Additionally, reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with photodiode array detector (PDA) is also used (Gao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient extraction methods and callus culture of quercetin from Indian white radish: yield analysis via HPLC quantification and assessment of cytotoxic activity

Balasubramanian,

Kumaraguru,

Girija

2024

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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SummaryIndian white radish Co. 1 (Raphanus sativus L.) contains medicinal quercetin, and its commercial value supports large‐scale quercetin isolation. Various extraction methods, including ultra‐assisted extraction (UAE), maceration extraction (ME), Soxhlet extraction (SE), conventional extraction (CSE) and serial maceration extraction (SME), were employed to extract quercetin from radish leaf sections. RP‐HPLC‐optimising key experimental parameters yielded a linear response for the individual target compounds in the concentration range, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.2 μg mL−1 (r2 = 0.9995), a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.2 μg per 1.0 g of crushed leaves and repeatability within the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.23–0.37%. For in vitro callus cultures, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D), 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP) and zeatin were used for callus induction from in vitro leaf segments of radish. MS medium enriched with 2,4‐D (0.5 mg) induced the highest percentage of callus at 4 weeks. Among the extraction methods, the SME method yielded the highest recovery of quercetin (96.9%; 1.92 mg g−1 DW), phenolic (26.07 mg g−1 DW) and flavonoid (34.03 mg g−1 DW), compared to other methods and solvents. The callus extract included 0.5 mg of 2,4‐D, 32.07 mg of phenolic, 42.03 mg of flavonoid and 6.46 mg of quercetin. The presence of phytocompounds and quercetin was confirmed by GC–MS/MS and RP‐HPLC. The isolated quercetin (57.9 μg) also showed lethal effects on HT‐29 human colon cancer cells. This method may be effective for evaluating quercetin in radish extracts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient extraction methods and callus culture of quercetin from Indian white radish: yield analysis via HPLC quantification and assessment of cytotoxic activity

Balasubramanian,

Kumaraguru,

Girija

2024

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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“…Aquilaria malaccensis is a potential pharmacological plant due to its capacity to generate various secondary metabolites. Aquilaria malaccensis leaves extract has antioxidant (Hendra et al, 2016;Halim et al, 2022), antiviral against dengue virus (Masita et al, 2020) and immunomodulatory potential (Batubara et al, 2021;Wahid et al, 2022;Yana et al, 2022). Furthermore, the stem has been referenced for anticancer activities (Hegde et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and morphological identification of endophytic fungi from leaves and stems of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. originating from Java Island, Indonesia

A.¹,

Nuringtyas²

2023

MJM

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Aims: Endophytic fungi are the remarkable category of host-associated fungal community that invades the intercellular regions of host tissues, benefiting their host while obtaining an advantage. Fungal endophytes have lately attracted prominence as a source of active secondary metabolites. This investigation aimed to identify fungal endophytes that reside inside the leaves and stems of Aquilaria malaccensis. Methodology and results: Healthy A. malaccensis stems and leaves samples were collected. Clean leaves and stems were cut to a size of 1 cm, followed by sterilization using 75% ethanol for 1 min, 3% sodium hypochlorite solution for 1 min, and finally, rinsing with sterile water 3 times for 1 min and drying with sterile paper. The sterile samples were put onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media containing chloramphenicol for 7-14 days until the mycelium grew for morphological identification under a light microscope. Five endophytic fungi were recovered from leaves, while nine endophytic fungi were obtained from stems. Using morphological approaches, nine of the endophytes had observed to produce conidia fungi, whereas the others did not. Neopestalotiopsis sp., Aspergillus sp., Arthrinium sp., Curvularia sp., Podospora sp., Mucor sp. and Verticillium sp. were identified as nine of the fourteen endophytes. Conclusion, significance and impact of study:The number of endophytic fungi discovered in different organs varies. Not all endophytic fungi that grow can create sexual phages. Six genera of endophytic fungi were identified.

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Anatomical, chemical and endophytic fungal diversity of a Qi-Nan clone of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng with different induction times

Li,

Fang,

Cui

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Recently, some new Qi-Nan clones of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng which intensively produces high-quality agarwood have been identified and propagated through grafting techniques. Previous studies have primarily focused on ordinary A. sinensis and the differences in composition when compared to Qi-Nan and ordinary A. sinensis. There are few studies on the formation mechanism of Qi-Nan agarwood and the dynamic changes in components and endophytic fungi during the induction process. In this paper, the characteristics, chemical composition, and changes in endophytic fungi of Qi-Nan agarwood induced after 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were studied, and Qi-Nan white wood was used as the control. The results showed that the yield of Qi-Nan agarwood continued to increase with the induction time over a period of 3 years, while the content of alcohol extract from Qi-Nan agarwood reached its peak at two years. During the formation of agarwood, starch and soluble sugars in xylem rays and interxylary phloem are consumed and reduced. Most of the oily substances in agarwood were filled in xylem ray cells and interxylary phloem, and a small amount was filled in xylem vessels. The main components of Qi-Nan agarwood are also chromones and sesquiterpenes. With an increasing induction time, the content of sesquiterpenes increased, while the content of chromones decreased. The most abundant chromones in Qi-Nan agarwood were 2-(2-Phenethyl) chromone, 2-[2-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone, and2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone. Significant differences were observed in the species of the endophytic fungi found in Qi-Nan agarwood at different induction times. A total of 4 phyla, 73 orders, and 448 genera were found in Qi-Nan agarwood dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Different induction times had a significant effect on the diversity of the endophytic fungal community in Qi-Nan. After the induction of agarwood formation, the diversity of Qi-Nan endophytic fungi decreased. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between endophytic fungi and the yield, alcohol extract content, sesquiterpene content, and chromone content of Qi-Nan agarwood, which indicated that endophytic fungi play a role in promoting the formation of Qi-Nan agarwood. Qi-Nan agarwood produced at different induction times exhibited strong antioxidant capacity. DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reactive oxygen species clearance activity were significantly positively correlated with the content of sesquiterpenes and chromones in Qi-Nan agarwood.

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GC-MS analysis of young and mature wild agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) and its antioxidant potential

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Efficient extraction methods and callus culture of quercetin from Indian white radish: yield analysis via HPLC quantification and assessment of cytotoxic activity

Efficient extraction methods and callus culture of quercetin from Indian white radish: yield analysis via HPLC quantification and assessment of cytotoxic activity

Isolation and morphological identification of endophytic fungi from leaves and stems of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. originating from Java Island, Indonesia

Anatomical, chemical and endophytic fungal diversity of a Qi-Nan clone of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng with different induction times

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