GC/MS determination of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines MeIQx and DiMeIQx in cooking fumes

Analytical methods applied to the determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines in foods

“…In order to remove interferences, to pre-concentrate the HAAs, and to isolate the analytes in different fractions, column chromatography on XAD-2 resin [2,7,8,45] or other sorbents [59,61], in-tube solid-phase microextraction [58], and preparative HPLC [2,59,61] have also been applied.…”

“…But when an aqueous solvent is used, the acidic solution obtained is directly extracted with an organic solvent, such as dichloromethane [8,24,[42][43][44][45][46], ethyl acetate [7,24,43,45,47], or diethyl ether in order to remove acidic or neutral interferences. If the obtained solution is basic, HAAs can be extracted with dichloromethane in their neutral form [12,48,49].…”

“…They are also present in cooking fumes [7,8], several foods [9,10], coffee [11], alcohol beverages [10,12], and from environmental sources, such as cigarette smoke [13][14][15][16][17], air [13], river and rainwater [18,19]. Also, some HAAs have been detected in human tissues [20], hair [21] and in biological fluids, such as plasma, urine or bile [3,[22][23][24][25][26][27], as well as in milk of healthy women [28,29].…”

Heterocyclic amines: Chemistry and health

“…Separation takes place in capillary column which offers high separation efficiency. Both low and high resolution GC-MS have been developed and applied for HA analysis in different types of samples ranging from standard HA solutions, to food matrices, to cooking fumes, or process flavors [50,[101][102][103][104]. However, as most HAs are nonvolatile and many are polar, gas chromatographic separation in their native form will result in broad and tailing peaks due to strong absorption in the injector and the GC column [15].…”

Analysis of heterocyclic aromatic amines in foods by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry as their tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives

“…Since 1988 Murray's team has been working with the alkylated di(3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzyl) derivatives (3, for the quantification of three HAs: MeIQx, 4,8-DiMeIQx and PhIP, by employing negative chemical ionization GC-MS [19][20][21]. Following these works, Tikkanen et al [22] also used the 3,5-bisTFMBB derivatives to analyze the same three HAs in several foods and Vainiotalo et al [23] analyzed cooking fumes by electron impact ionization (EI) and selected ion monitoring (SIM). More recently, Richling et al [24] extended this methodology to 10HAs, also as their 3,5-bisTFMBB derivatives, and analyzed them by GC-EI-MS.…”