GDP and Human Development

Bechtel, Gordon G.; Bechtel, Timothy

doi:10.4236/jss.2020.811030

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We have also benefited from Dr. Bechtel's insistence on monitoring a population's economic indicators over time, coupled with a gradual approach to resolving societal conflicts and loosening entrenched beliefs. This paper generalizes previous work reported in [5,6] and [1,7,8]. The author thanks the reviewers of all five of these open access articles for their stringent reviews, which have strengthened this article's content and clarity.…”

Section: Acknowledgementssupporting

confidence: 79%

GDP Almost Perfectly Predicts Survival

Bechtel¹,

Bechtel²

2021

Improving Quality of Life - Exploring Standard of Living, Wellbeing, and Community Development

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This article extends results reported by Bechtel, G. and Bechtel, T. (2021). These previous findings induce the hypothesis confirmed here; namely, that gross domestic product GDP nearly perfectly predicts survival in the world’s entire population. The fractional polynomial regressions here are run over the pre-pandemic period 1991–2016. During the subsequent pandemic, the American Center for Disease Control reported that life expectancy at birth in the USA dropped one year during the first six months of 2020, the largest drop since World War 11. The drops in African and Hispanic life expectancy at birth during this period were 2.7 and 1.9 years (Aljazeera; Democracy Now, February 18, 2021). The USA is the worst covid-19-effected population. It is now imperative to confirm that life expectancy at birth is well predicted from GDP in all nations over 1991–2018. This pre-pandemic control for each nation will accurately calibrate it’s subsequent yearly survival drops due to Covid-19. This is especially important in light of the trade war between the United States and China, which has increased the need for accurate measurement of the human effects of this war.

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Section: Acknowledgementssupporting

confidence: 79%

GDP Almost Perfectly Predicts Survival

Bechtel¹,

Bechtel²

2021

Improving Quality of Life - Exploring Standard of Living, Wellbeing, and Community Development

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“…She also stressed the importance of monitoring populations over time to assess economic progress. This article generalizes Bechtel, T. G. (2020a and2020b). The authors thank the reviewer for strengthening this article's content and clarity, and Editor Alice Yao for helping bring our message to the public in this time of crisis.…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 89%

GDP Alone Predicts Income and Survival

Bechtel¹,

Bechtel²

2021

JSS

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This article generalizes Bechtel (2020a, 2020b). The results in these papers induce our hypotheses that GDP predicts income and survival. These hypotheses are confirmed at the global level and we invite the G20 to confirm them at the national level as well. Our regressions show that global life expectancy and global gross income per capata can be predicted from GDP alone without survey sampling, questionnaire interrogation, probabilistic inference, or significance testing. In view of trade-war and COVID-19 shocks to the world economy, international attention to GDP's life-saving effects is now compelling.

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“…Scientific studies point to the role of GDP, as Bechtel [2018] pointed out that "a country-specific power of GDP almost perfectly predicts HDI." These discoveries contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding the essence of well-being [Bechtel and Bechtel 2020].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Government Expenditures on Household Consumption – Level, Changes, and Their Relationship With Socio- -Economic Development Indicators in European Countries

Piekut

2024

aspe

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Aim: The aim of this article is to examine changes in government expenditures on household consumption in European countries and the relationship of these expenditures with socio-economic indicators. Methods: The study is based on data analysis from 36 European countries, using the Eurostat database and various rankings such as the Happiness Index, Human Development Index, Sustainable Development Goals, and Social Progress Index. The analysis focused on the trends in government expenditures on household consumption and aimed to explore the association between these expenditures and socio-economic indicators. Results: Significant changes in the share of government expenditures on household consumption in the GDP were observed among the studied countries during the period from 2011 to 2022. Some countries increased their expenditures, while others decreased them. Cluster analysis revealed four groups of countries based on the share of government expenditures on household consumption in GDP. Conclusions: There was no direct correlation between the level of government expenditures on household consumption and socio-economic indicators among the studied countries. Instead, variations in socio-economic development were observed among different groups of countries, regardless of the level of government expenditures on household consumption.

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GDP and Human Development

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

GDP Almost Perfectly Predicts Survival

GDP Almost Perfectly Predicts Survival

GDP Alone Predicts Income and Survival

Government Expenditures on Household Consumption – Level, Changes, and Their Relationship With Socio- -Economic Development Indicators in European Countries

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