Gegen Qinlian Decoction Coordinately Regulates PPARγ and PPARα to Improve Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis in Diabetic Rats and Insulin Resistance 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Tu, Jun; Zhu, Shui-Lan; Li, Bingtao; Xu, Guoliang; Luo, Xinxin; Jiang, Li; Zhang, Ruiping; Chen, Chen

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00811

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…For example, GQD is effective against inflammatory intestinal diseases, including diarrhea (Liu et al, 2019b;Hua et al, 2019), ulcerative colitis (Xu B.-L. et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Fan et al, 2019;Zhao Y. et al, 2020), and intestinal adverse reactions caused by chemotherapeutic agents . In addition, as the intestinal flora is closely related to metabolic diseases (Nicholson et al, 2012), GQD has significant effects against NAFLD Guo et al, 2017;Guo et al, 2018;Hao et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (Zhang et al, 2013;Cao et al, 2020;Tu et al, 2020) and other metabolic diseases. Furthermore, based on its significant anti-inflammatory effect, GQD can be used to treat inflammatory diseases, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- (Ding et al, 2020) and influenza A virus- (Shi et al, 2020) induced lung injury.…”

Section: Pharmacological Effects and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, PPAR-α and PPAR-γ play complementary roles in the fine-tuning of lipid transport, catabolism, and storage (Ahmadian et al, 2013). In a preclinical study where metformin (200 mg/kg) was used as positive control, oral administration of 11.55 ml/kg extract of 11.55 g herbal pieces of GQD twice a day for 13 weeks improved the symptoms of eight high-fat diet and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by intervening in a diverse array of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ upstream and downstream signaling transduction cascades, which jointly optimized the expression of target gene profiles to promote fatty acid oxidation and accelerate glucose uptake and utilization (Tu et al, 2020). 2) GQD has antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects.…”

Section: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, gut microbiota analysis is a new Frontier for understanding the action mechanisms of TCMs (Feng et al, 2019). Studies have shown that GQD has antidiarrheal (Liu et al, 2019b;Hua et al, 2019), anti-colitis (Xu B.-L. et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Fan et al, 2019;Zhao Y. et al, 2020), anti-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Guo et al, 2017;Guo et al, 2018;Hao et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020), antidiabetic (Zhang et al, 2013;Cao et al, 2020;Tu et al, 2020), anti-lung injury (Ding et al, 2020;Shi et al, 2020), antitumor (Wang N. et al, 2015;Lv et al, 2019) and other pharmacological effects. Metabolomics (Tian et al, 2013;Hua et al, 2019), network pharmacology (Li et al, 2014b;Cao et al, 2020;Ding et al, 2020;Hao et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2020;Zhong et al, 2020), gut microbiota analysis Guo et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2019b;Lv et al, 2019), and other methods have been comprehensively used to explain the action mechanism of GQD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constituents, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacology of Gegen-Qinlian Decoction

2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Gegen-Qinlian decoction (GQD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. It is composed of four TCMs, including Puerariae Lobatae Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle. GQD is traditionally and clinically used to treat both the “external and internal symptoms” of diarrhea with fever. In this review, key words related to GQD were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other databases. Literature published mainly from 2000 to 2020 was screened and summarized. The main constituents of GQD could be classified into eight groups according to their structures: flavonoid C-glycosides, flavonoid O-glucuronides, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, free flavonoids, flavonoid O-glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoid saponins, and others. The parent constituents of GQD that enter circulation mainly include puerarin and daidzein from Puerariae Lobatae Radix, baicalin and wogonoside from Scutellariae Radix, berberine and magnoflorine from Coptidis Rhizoma, as well as glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle. GQD is effective against inflammatory intestinal diseases, including diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, and intestinal adverse reactions caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, GQD has significant effects on metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, GQD can be used to treat lung injury. In brief, the main constituents, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles of GQD were summarized in this review. In addition, several issues of GQD including effective constituents, interactions between the constituents, pharmacokinetics, interaction potential with drugs and pharmacological effects were discussed, and related future researches were prospected in this review.

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Section: Pharmacological Effects and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constituents, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacology of Gegen-Qinlian Decoction

2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Based on the analysis of pathogenesis in MWM, GGQLD prevented and treated obese metabolic disorders and improved T2DM and NASH ( Zhang et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2015 ; Guo et al, 2017 ; Xu et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ). Effects of GGQLD were related to the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism ( Zhang et al, 2013 ; Sui et al, 2019 ; Tu et al, 2020 ), intestinal flora ( Zhang et al, 2017 ; Guo et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2019 ), levels of SCFAs ( Liu et al, 2019 ), and oxidant stress and inflammatory ( Zhang et al, 2020 ). In TCM, Scutellaria-coptis herb couple (SC) in the “Treatise on Febrile Diseases” had the effect of clearing away heat and dampness, purging fire, and detoxifying.…”

Section: Prevention and Treatment Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism and Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Obesity: Prevention and Treatment Strategies

et al. 2021

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In the last few decades, the incidences of obesity and related metabolic disorders worldwide have increased dramatically. Major pathophysiology of obesity is termed “lipotoxicity” in modern western medicine (MWM) or “dampness-heat” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). “Dampness-heat” is a very common and critically important syndrome to guild clinical treatment in TCM. However, the pathogenesis of obesity in TCM is not fully clarified, especially by MWM theories compared to TCM. In this review, the mechanism underlying the action of TCM in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders was thoroughly discussed, and prevention and treatment strategies were proposed accordingly. Hypoxia and inflammation caused by lipotoxicity exist in obesity and are key pathophysiological characteristics of “dampness-heat” syndrome in TCM. “Dampness-heat” is prevalent in chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, prone to insulin resistance (IR), and causes variant metabolic disorders. In particular, the MWM theories of hypoxia and inflammation were applied to explain the “dampness-heat” syndrome of TCM, and we summarized and proposed the pathological path of obesity: lipotoxicity, hypoxia or chronic low-grade inflammation, IR, and metabolic disorders. This provides significant enrichment to the scientific connotation of TCM theories and promotes the modernization of TCM.

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“…Finally, serum was obtained from the retro-orbital sinus of the eye by using an EDTA-free micro-hematocrit tube. After blood sampling, the animals were euthanatized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital 150 mg/kg (15) and were dissected to obtain different organ tissues for histopathological investigation. The liver sections were sampled from the caudate lobe of liver.…”

Section: Animal Groupingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Biochemical Parameters and Histopathological Changes in Lead-Intoxicated Rats

et al. 2020

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Background: The present study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) against lead acetate-induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated simultaneously, except for the normal control, for 5 weeks with lead acetate in drinking water (1000 mg/L). Control rats and negative control rats received saline intraperitoneally. At the same time, the third group was treated with intraperitoneal injections of CeNPs at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg 1 week before lead administration, and continued with its administration. Finally, serum was obtained by the conventional methods and rats were sacrificed to obtain liver, heart, testis, and kidney tissue for histopathological examinations. Results: The lead-treated group showed significant increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P<0.01). Lead-intoxicated rats treated with CeNPs showed a significant decrease in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), AST, and ALT levels compared to the untreated negative control group (P<0.01). The histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues showed signs of lead-induced injuries, necrotic hepatocytes, and glomerulosclerosis. The CeNPs-treated group showed noticeable reductions in histopathological signs of lead-induced injuries. Lipid peroxidation levels were also lower in CeNPs-treated rats than negative controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: The current experimental study proved the protective effects of CeNPs in rats exposed to chronic lead-induced toxicity; however, more experiments are required to evaluate the possible side effects and interactions.

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Gegen Qinlian Decoction Coordinately Regulates PPARγ and PPARα to Improve Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis in Diabetic Rats and Insulin Resistance 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Constituents, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacology of Gegen-Qinlian Decoction

Constituents, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacology of Gegen-Qinlian Decoction

Mechanism and Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Obesity: Prevention and Treatment Strategies

Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Biochemical Parameters and Histopathological Changes in Lead-Intoxicated Rats

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